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Biotechnology- Principles & Processes Practice Questions - DPP for NEET

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1. What are the principles and processes involved in biotechnology?
Ans. Biotechnology encompasses a range of principles and processes, including genetic engineering, recombinant DNA technology, cloning, gene therapy, and fermentation. These techniques allow scientists to manipulate and modify biological systems to develop new products, improve crops, and treat genetic disorders.
2. How does genetic engineering contribute to biotechnology?
Ans. Genetic engineering is a key process in biotechnology that involves manipulating an organism's DNA to introduce desirable traits or remove undesirable ones. This technique allows scientists to create genetically modified organisms (GMOs) with improved characteristics, such as disease resistance in crops or the production of therapeutic proteins.
3. What is the significance of cloning in biotechnology?
Ans. Cloning plays a significant role in biotechnology as it allows the replication of identical copies of a particular gene, DNA fragment, or even entire organisms. This technique is used in various applications such as producing large quantities of therapeutic proteins, creating genetically identical animals for research purposes, and conserving endangered species.
4. How does gene therapy contribute to the field of biotechnology?
Ans. Gene therapy is a promising field within biotechnology that aims to treat genetic disorders by introducing functional genes into a patient's cells. This technique holds the potential to cure or alleviate the symptoms of various inherited diseases, including cystic fibrosis, hemophilia, and certain types of cancer.
5. What is the role of fermentation in biotechnology?
Ans. Fermentation is a crucial process in biotechnology that involves the conversion of organic substances, such as sugars, into useful products using microorganisms. This technique is widely used in the production of various bioproducts, including antibiotics, vaccines, biofuels, and enzymes. Fermentation also plays a vital role in food and beverage industries, such as the production of bread, beer, and yogurt.
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