UPSC Exam > UPSC Notes > Geography for UPSC CSE > Cheat Sheet: Resources
Cheat Sheet: Resources | Geography for UPSC CSE PDF Download
| Table of contents |
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| Meaning and Classification |
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| Major Resources of India |
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| Resource Planning |
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| Conservation of Resources |
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| Resources and Sustainable Development |
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| Recent Government Initiatives |
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Meaning and Classification
- Resources are naturally occurring substances that are useful to humans.
- Classified on the basis of origin, development, renewability, and distribution.
Types of Resources
Major Resources of India
1. Land Resources
- 43% of land is used for agriculture.
- Land degradation is a major concern—soil erosion, overgrazing, urban sprawl.
2. Water Resources
- 4% of world’s water with 18% population.
- Uneven distribution; over-extraction in Punjab, Tamil Nadu, etc.
- Interlinking of rivers proposed as a solution.
3. Mineral Resources
- India is rich in iron ore, bauxite, manganese, mica.
- Concentrated in Chhota Nagpur Plateau.
- Problem: Unscientific mining, depletion, displacement.
4. Forest Resources
- Covers ~21% of land area.
- Types: Tropical rainforests, deciduous, thorn, alpine.
- Importance: Biodiversity, ecological balance, livelihoods.
5. Energy Resources
- Conventional: Coal (Jharkhand), Oil (Assam, Bombay High).
- Non-Conventional: Solar, wind, bioenergy—important for sustainable development.
Resource Planning
- Needed due to uneven distribution and overexploitation.
- Involves identification → sustainable use → matching with technology.
- Example: Integrated Watershed Development, Wasteland Reclamation.
Conservation of Resources
- Why? To ensure availability for future generations.
- Methods:
- Afforestation and reforestation
- Rainwater harvesting
- Use of renewable energy
- Recycling and efficient technologies
- Related Concepts:
- Sustainable Development
- Carrying Capacity
- Resource Decoupling
Resources and Sustainable Development
- Balancing economic development with environmental conservation.
- Mention of Rio Earth Summit (1992), Agenda 21, SDGs.
Recent Government Initiatives
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FAQs on Cheat Sheet: Resources - Geography for UPSC CSE
| 1. What are the major types of resources found in India? |  |
Ans. India is rich in various resources, which can be classified into natural resources, human resources, and capital resources. Natural resources include minerals (like coal, iron ore, and bauxite), water resources (rivers and lakes), forests, and land. Human resources refer to the population and its skills, while capital resources encompass the infrastructure and machinery used in production.
| 2. What is resource planning and why is it important for India? | |
Ans. Resource planning is the process of assessing and managing the available resources to ensure their sustainability and optimal utilization. In India, it is crucial due to the diverse needs of its population and the pressure on resources from rapid economic growth. Effective resource planning helps in addressing issues like resource depletion, environmental degradation, and ensuring equitable distribution.
| 3. How can resources be conserved in India? | |
Ans. Conservation of resources in India can be achieved through various methods, such as promoting sustainable agricultural practices, encouraging the use of renewable energy sources, and implementing strict regulations on waste management. Public awareness campaigns and community involvement in conservation efforts also play a vital role in preserving natural resources.
| 4. What is the relationship between resources and sustainable development? | |
Ans. The relationship between resources and sustainable development lies in the need to use resources in a way that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Sustainable development in India emphasizes the responsible management of resources to ensure environmental protection, economic growth, and social equity.
| 5. What recent initiatives has the Indian government undertaken to promote resource conservation? | |
Ans. The Indian government has launched several initiatives to promote resource conservation, including the National Solar Mission, which aims to increase solar energy production, and the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, focused on waste management and sanitation. Additionally, programs like Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana promote clean cooking fuels to reduce reliance on traditional biomass, thereby conserving forest resources.
About this Document
Sep 21, 2025
Last updated
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