Cheat Sheet: Special Provisions for States under Articles 371 to 371-J | Indian Polity for UPSC CSE PDF Download

Introduction

This chapter explores Articles 371 to 371-J in Part XXI of the Indian Constitution, which provide special provisions for twelve states: Maharashtra, Gujarat, Nagaland, Assam, Manipur, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Sikkim, Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh, Goa, and Karnataka. These provisions address unique regional needs, such as socio-economic development, tribal cultural preservation, internal security, and local interests, ensuring tailored governance for each state.

Provisions for Maharashtra and Gujarat

Article 371 assigns special responsibilities to the Governors of Maharashtra and Gujarat to promote equitable development in specific regions, focusing on fair resource allocation and opportunities.

Key Points: 

• The provisions ensure balanced regional development through dedicated boards and the Governor’s oversight, addressing disparities in education and employment.

Provisions for Nagaland

Article 371-A provides unique protections for Nagaland, emphasizing autonomy in cultural and legal matters, with the Governor playing a key role in maintaining stability.

Key Points: 

• Nagaland enjoys autonomy in legislative matters, with the Governor ensuring security and effective governance in Thensang, reflecting the state’s unique cultural and administrative needs.

Provisions for Assam and Manipur

Articles 371-B and 371-C focus on protecting tribal and hill area interests in Assam and Manipur through specialized committees and Governor oversight.

Key Points: 

• Both states have committees to safeguard tribal and hill area interests, with the Governor ensuring effective administration and reporting in Manipur.

Provisions for Andhra Pradesh or Telangana

Articles 371-D and 371-E aim to ensure equitable opportunities and administrative efficiency in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, addressing employment, education, and dispute resolution.

Key Points: 

• These provisions promote fairness in opportunities and establish mechanisms like the Administrative Tribunal and Central University to support regional development.

Provisions for Sikkim

Article 371-F, introduced via the 36th Constitutional Amendment, ensures Sikkim’s integration into India while preserving its socio-economic and political framework.

Key Points: 

• Sikkim’s provisions ensure political representation and Governor-led efforts for peace and development, reflecting its unique status.

Provisions for Mizoram

Article 371-G protects Mizoram’s cultural and legislative autonomy, similar to Nagaland, with a focus on maintaining its distinct identity.

Key Points: 

• Mizoram’s autonomy in legislative matters and guaranteed assembly size safeguard its cultural and political identity.

Provisions for Arunachal Pradesh and Goa

Articles 371-H and 371-I address governance needs in Arunachal Pradesh and Goa, focusing on security and legislative representation.

Key Points: 

• Arunachal Pradesh emphasizes Governor-led security, while both states ensure adequate legislative representation.

Provisions for Karnataka

Article 371-J, introduced by the 98th Constitutional Amendment, promotes development in the Hyderabad-Karnataka region to reduce regional disparities.

Key Points: 

• The provisions focus on targeted development through a dedicated board and reservations, addressing regional imbalances.

Chronology for Quick Revision

Conclusion

This chapter outlines the special provisions under Articles 371 to 371-J, tailored to meet the diverse needs of twelve Indian states. By addressing socio-economic development, cultural preservation, and local governance, these provisions ensure balanced growth and regional autonomy. The roles of Governors, committees, and the President highlight a commitment to equitable opportunities and inclusive development, reinforcing India’s constitutional framework for harmonious progress across its diverse regions.