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Cheat Sheet: The Evolution of Nationalist Foreign Policy | History for UPSC CSE PDF Download

Introduction

India's foreign policy has undergone significant developments since its independence in 1947. From its early years of anti-imperialist sentiments to the post-independence era under the leadership of Jawaharlal Nehru, India's foreign policy has evolved to reflect principles such as Panchsheel and Non-Alignment. This chronology document highlights key events and themes shaping India's foreign policy from the late 19th century to the post-independence period.

1880-1914: Anti-Imperialism and Pan-Asian Feeling

Cheat Sheet: The Evolution of Nationalist Foreign Policy | History for UPSC CSE

World War I Era (1920s): Identifying with Socialists

Cheat Sheet: The Evolution of Nationalist Foreign Policy | History for UPSC CSE

After Independence: Nehru's Vision

Cheat Sheet: The Evolution of Nationalist Foreign Policy | History for UPSC CSEPanchsheel and Non-Alignment

Cheat Sheet: The Evolution of Nationalist Foreign Policy | History for UPSC CSE

Conclusion

India's foreign policy journey reflects a rich history of anti-imperialism, pan-Asian sentiments, and the visionary approach of leaders like Jawaharlal Nehru. The principles of Panchsheel and Non-Alignment have become integral to India's diplomatic identity, promoting peace, disarmament, and a just world order. This chronology underscores India's commitment to independence, non-aggression, and cooperative coexistence on the global stage.

The document Cheat Sheet: The Evolution of Nationalist Foreign Policy | History for UPSC CSE is a part of the UPSC Course History for UPSC CSE.
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FAQs on Cheat Sheet: The Evolution of Nationalist Foreign Policy - History for UPSC CSE

1. What were the main factors influencing India's nationalist foreign policy during the period of 1880-1914?
Ans. During this period, India's nationalist foreign policy was largely influenced by anti-imperialism sentiments and a pan-Asian feeling. The Indian nationalists strongly opposed British colonial rule and sought to establish an independent and united India. They also felt a sense of solidarity with other Asian countries, advocating for cooperation and support against Western imperialism.
2. How did the nationalist foreign policy of India shift during the 1920s?
Ans. In the 1920s, Indian nationalists started identifying with socialists and socialist movements across the world. They believed that socialism offered a path to address the socioeconomic inequalities in India and saw it as a means to achieve independence from British colonial rule. This shift in foreign policy reflected a broader global trend of increased interest in socialist ideologies during the aftermath of World War I.
3. What was Nehru's vision for India's foreign policy after independence?
Ans. Jawaharlal Nehru, India's first Prime Minister, envisioned a foreign policy that emphasized non-alignment, peaceful coexistence, and cooperation with other nations. He believed in promoting India as a leader of the newly independent nations, advocating for decolonization and supporting the principles of international law. Nehru's foreign policy aimed to establish India as a voice for the Global South and a champion of anti-imperialism.
4. What were the key principles of Panchsheel in India's foreign policy?
Ans. Panchsheel, also known as the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, were the guiding principles of India's foreign policy under Nehru. These principles were mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, non-aggression, non-interference in internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful coexistence. Panchsheel aimed to promote peaceful relations and cooperation with other nations, particularly in the context of the Cold War.
5. How did India's nationalist foreign policy evolve over time?
Ans. India's nationalist foreign policy evolved from an anti-imperialist and pan-Asian sentiment in the late 19th and early 20th centuries to a focus on socialist ideologies in the 1920s. After independence, under Nehru's leadership, India adopted a non-aligned stance and championed the principles of Panchsheel. Over time, India's foreign policy has continued to evolve, adapting to changing global dynamics and challenges, while maintaining its commitment to independence, peace, and cooperation with other nations.
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