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Introduction
The early nationalist period in India witnessed the emergence of various social and political movements. Among these, the labor movement played a crucial role, with notable contributions from individuals and organizations advocating for workers' rights. This chronology document aims to outline key events in the early efforts of the Indian working-class movement, especially focusing on the Moderates, the formation of trade unions, and significant milestones leading up to and following India's independence.
Early Nationalists and the Labor Movement
In the early years, pioneers like Sasipada Banerjea, Sorabjee Shapoorji Bengalee, and Narain Meghajee Lokhanday laid the groundwork for the labor movement through the establishment of workingmen's clubs, newspapers, and associations.
The First Workers' Strike and Swadeshi Upsurge
The late 19th century witnessed the first significant strike by railway workers, gaining momentum during the Swadeshi movement when workers engaged in wider political concerns.
The Formation and Legislation of Trade Unions
The 1920s marked the formalization of trade unions with the establishment of AITUC and the enactment of the Trade Union Act, providing legal recognition and regulation for these organizations.
The TDA, Meerut Conspiracy Case, and Post-Independence Developments
The late 1920s witnessed the introduction of the TDA, the Meerut Conspiracy Case, and post-independence polarization within the working-class movement.
Conclusion
The chronology above traces the evolution of the Indian working-class movement, emphasizing the early efforts, trade union formations, and key events during and after independence. These milestones reflect the labor movement's resilience and its role in shaping India's socio-political landscape. The journey from the early pioneers to post-independence polarization underscores the complex interplay between labor, politics, and societal changes in India's history.
The document Cheat Sheet: The Movement of the Working Class | History for UPSC CSE is a part of the UPSC Course History for UPSC CSE.
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FAQs on Cheat Sheet: The Movement of the Working Class - History for UPSC CSE
| 1. What were the early nationalist movements in India and their impact on the labor movement? |  |
Ans. The early nationalist movements in India, such as the Indian National Congress, played a significant role in shaping the labor movement. They advocated for worker's rights and highlighted the exploitation faced by the labor class under British rule. The nationalist leaders supported the demands of the labor movement and used it as a means to mobilize the masses against colonial rule.
| 2. What was the significance of the first workers' strike and Swadeshi upsurge? | |
Ans. The first workers' strike, known as the Bombay Textile Strike of 1919, marked a turning point in the labor movement. It demonstrated the power of collective action and paved the way for future strikes and labor unions. The Swadeshi upsurge, which called for the use of indigenous goods and boycotting British products, further strengthened the working class movement by promoting self-reliance and economic empowerment.
| 3. How were trade unions formed and what legislation supported their formation? | |
Ans. Trade unions were formed by workers coming together to collectively bargain for their rights and improve their working conditions. The Indian Trade Union Act of 1926 provided legal recognition and protection to trade unions. This legislation laid down the rules for the registration, membership, and functioning of trade unions, giving them a legal platform to represent the interests of the working class.
| 4. What were the TDA, Meerut Conspiracy Case, and their impact on the labor movement? | |
Ans. The Trade Disputes Act (TDA) of 1929 was introduced by the British colonial government to restrict the activities of trade unions and suppress the labor movement. It imposed various restrictions on strikes and picketing. The Meerut Conspiracy Case of 1929 targeted prominent trade union leaders and activists, charging them with sedition. These measures aimed to weaken the labor movement and suppress dissent against British rule.
| 5. How did the labor movement evolve after independence in India? | |
Ans. After independence, the labor movement in India continued to fight for workers' rights and better working conditions. The government introduced several labor laws, such as the Industrial Disputes Act, Minimum Wages Act, and Factories Act, to protect the interests of workers. Trade unions played a crucial role in advocating for workers' rights and negotiating with employers. However, challenges such as informal labor, contractual employment, and unequal distribution of benefits remain, requiring ongoing efforts to address labor issues.
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Dec 23, 2024 Last updated |
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