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Civil Disobedience Movement, 1st Round Table Conference, Gandhi-Irwin Pact Video Lecture | History for UPSC CSE

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FAQs on Civil Disobedience Movement, 1st Round Table Conference, Gandhi-Irwin Pact Video Lecture - History for UPSC CSE

1. What was the Civil Disobedience Movement?
The Civil Disobedience Movement, also known as the Salt Satyagraha, was a nonviolent protest led by Mahatma Gandhi against the British colonial rule in India. It began in 1930 and aimed to challenge the British salt monopoly by demanding the right to produce and sell salt. The movement involved various acts of civil disobedience, including the famous Dandi March, where Gandhi and his followers marched to the coastal village of Dandi to produce salt from seawater.
2. What was the significance of the 1st Round Table Conference?
The 1st Round Table Conference was held in London in 1930 as an attempt to address the political issues in India and find a solution for its future governance. It was significant because it marked the first time that Indian political leaders were invited to discuss and negotiate with the British government on an equal footing. The conference aimed to foster dialogue and understand the diverse opinions and demands of different Indian communities and political parties.
3. What was the Gandhi-Irwin Pact?
The Gandhi-Irwin Pact, also known as the Delhi Pact, was a bilateral agreement signed between Mahatma Gandhi and Lord Irwin, the then Viceroy of India, in 1931. The pact was a result of negotiations that took place after the Second Round Table Conference. It aimed to resolve the issues arising from the Civil Disobedience Movement and secure the release of political prisoners. The British government agreed to grant amnesty to political prisoners, allow Indians to freely manufacture and sell salt, and hold a Second Round Table Conference with a broader representation of Indian political parties.
4. How did the Civil Disobedience Movement impact the Indian independence struggle?
The Civil Disobedience Movement played a significant role in the Indian independence struggle. It brought national attention to the cause of independence and mobilized millions of Indians to actively participate in nonviolent protests against British rule. The movement highlighted the power of mass civil disobedience and showcased Gandhi's philosophy of nonviolence as a potent tool for political change. It also led to the British government initiating negotiations with Indian leaders, which eventually paved the way for India's independence in 1947.
5. How did the 1st Round Table Conference contribute to India's political development?
The 1st Round Table Conference contributed to India's political development by providing a platform for diverse Indian political leaders to voice their demands and aspirations. It allowed for discussions on issues like constitutional reforms, representation, and the future governance of India. Although it did not result in immediate solutions, the conference helped shape the political discourse and increased the momentum for India's independence movement. It also paved the way for subsequent Round Table Conferences, which ultimately led to the framing of the Government of India Act 1935 and significant political reforms in India.
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