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FAQs on Civil Societies: Social Movements, NGOs and Voluntary Action - Sociology Optional for UPSC (Notes)
| 1. What are civil societies, and how do they relate to social movements and NGOs? |  |
Ans. Civil societies refer to the collective organizations and institutions that exist independently from the government and the market. They include social movements, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and various voluntary action groups. Social movements are collective efforts by people to bring about social change, while NGOs are often formed to address specific issues or advocate for particular causes. Together, they play a critical role in promoting democracy, social justice, and community development.
| 2. What roles do NGOs play in civil society? | |
Ans. NGOs serve multiple roles in civil society, including advocacy, service delivery, and capacity building. They often address specific social, economic, and environmental issues, provide essential services to marginalized communities, and raise awareness about various causes. By mobilizing resources and creating networks, NGOs contribute to policy formulation and implementation, often acting as a bridge between the government and the public.
| 3. How do social movements influence public policy? | |
Ans. Social movements influence public policy by raising awareness, mobilizing public support, and advocating for change. They often highlight issues that may be overlooked by traditional political processes, pressuring governments to respond. Through protests, campaigns, and negotiations, social movements can lead to significant policy shifts, reforms, and new legislation that reflect the demands and needs of the society they represent.
| 4. What are the challenges faced by NGOs in their operations? | |
Ans. NGOs face several challenges, including funding constraints, political opposition, and regulatory hurdles. Limited financial resources can hamper their ability to implement projects effectively. Additionally, in some regions, NGOs may encounter governmental restrictions or hostility, which can hinder their operations. Ensuring accountability and transparency while managing diverse stakeholder expectations also poses significant challenges for NGOs.
| 5. How can individuals contribute to civil society and social movements? | |
Ans. Individuals can contribute to civil society and social movements by volunteering their time, donating resources, or participating in advocacy efforts. Joining local NGOs or community groups allows individuals to engage directly with issues they care about. Additionally, raising awareness through social media, attending rallies, and encouraging others to participate can amplify the impact of social movements and strengthen civil society.
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Sep 09, 2025
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