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Discovery of Electrons & Protons Video Lecture | Science & Technology for UPSC CSE

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FAQs on Discovery of Electrons & Protons Video Lecture - Science & Technology for UPSC CSE

1. How were electrons discovered?
Ans. Electrons were discovered through a series of experiments performed by J.J. Thomson in the late 19th century. He observed that cathode rays, which are streams of negatively charged particles, could be deflected by electric and magnetic fields. This led him to hypothesize the existence of negatively charged particles, which he called electrons.
2. How were protons discovered?
Ans. Protons were discovered by Ernest Rutherford in 1919 through his famous gold foil experiment. Rutherford bombarded a thin gold foil with alpha particles and observed their scattering patterns. He found that some particles were deflected at large angles, suggesting the presence of a positively charged particle at the center of the atom. This particle was later identified as the proton.
3. What is the significance of the discovery of electrons and protons?
Ans. The discovery of electrons and protons revolutionized our understanding of atomic structure and laid the foundation for modern physics. It revealed that atoms are made up of subatomic particles and that they have distinct electrical charges. This discovery also led to the development of various technologies such as electronics, nuclear power, and particle accelerators.
4. How do electrons and protons contribute to the behavior of matter?
Ans. Electrons and protons play a crucial role in determining the behavior of matter. Electrons, being negatively charged, are responsible for the formation of chemical bonds and the flow of electricity. Protons, on the other hand, contribute to the overall positive charge of the nucleus, which determines the stability and properties of the atom. The interaction between electrons and protons governs the structure and properties of all matter.
5. Can electrons and protons be found outside of atoms?
Ans. Electrons and protons can exist outside of atoms under certain conditions. Electrons can be found in free form in a vacuum or when they are released from atoms through processes like ionization. Protons, however, are typically found within the nucleus of an atom and are less likely to exist freely. However, protons can be found in other subatomic particles such as protons, neutrons, and other baryons.
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