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FAQs on Division of Labour—Durkheim and Marx - Sociology Optional for UPSC (Notes)
| 1. What is the concept of Division of Labour according to Durkheim? |  |
Ans. Emile Durkheim's concept of Division of Labour emphasizes the specialization of tasks in society. He argues that as societies evolve from traditional to modern, there's an increasing differentiation of tasks which leads to greater efficiency and social cohesion. Durkheim identifies two types of solidarity: mechanical solidarity in simpler societies, where individuals share similar tasks and beliefs, and organic solidarity in complex societies, where individuals perform specialized roles that contribute to the overall functioning of society.
| 2. How does Marx view the Division of Labour? | |
Ans. Karl Marx views the Division of Labour as a critical aspect of capitalist societies. He argues that it leads to the alienation of workers, as they become mere cogs in the production process, performing repetitive tasks without any connection to the final product. Marx believes that this alienation contributes to class struggle, as workers are exploited for profit, resulting in social inequality and conflict between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat.
| 3. What are the key differences between Durkheim's and Marx's perspectives on Division of Labour? | |
Ans. The key differences lie in their views on social cohesion and the implications of specialization. Durkheim sees Division of Labour as a means to achieve social integration and cohesion through interdependence, while Marx views it as a source of alienation and class conflict. Durkheim emphasizes the positive aspects of specialization, contributing to societal harmony, whereas Marx focuses on the negative consequences, highlighting exploitation and social inequality.
| 4. How does Division of Labour relate to modern economies? | |
Ans. In modern economies, Division of Labour is fundamental to productivity and efficiency. It allows for specialization, where workers focus on specific tasks, leading to increased output and innovation. This concept also supports the development of various industries and services, fostering economic growth. However, it also raises concerns about worker alienation and job satisfaction, echoing Marx's critiques of the capitalist system.
| 5. What is the relevance of the Division of Labour in contemporary sociological studies? | |
Ans. The Division of Labour remains highly relevant in contemporary sociological studies as it helps analyze various social structures, economic systems, and labor relations. It allows sociologists to understand how work is organized, the impact of technology on labor, and the implications for social inequality. Additionally, it provides a framework for examining issues such as job satisfaction, worker rights, and the future of work in an increasingly automated economy.
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