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Ecology Video Lecture | Environment for UPSC CSE

FAQs on Ecology Video Lecture - Environment for UPSC CSE

1. What is the significance of ecology in environmental studies?
Ans. Ecology is the study of interactions among organisms and their environment. It plays a crucial role in environmental studies as it helps in understanding the relationships between living organisms and their habitats. By examining these interactions, ecologists can identify the impact of human activities on ecosystems and develop strategies for conservation and sustainable management of natural resources.
2. How do ecosystems function and what are their components?
Ans. Ecosystems function through the dynamic interactions between biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components. Key components of an ecosystem include producers (plants), consumers (herbivores, carnivores), decomposers (fungi, bacteria), and abiotic factors like soil, water, and climate. These components work together in nutrient cycles and energy flows, maintaining the balance necessary for the ecosystem’s health and resilience.
3. What are the major threats to biodiversity and how can they be addressed?
Ans. Major threats to biodiversity include habitat destruction, pollution, climate change, overexploitation of resources, and invasive species. To address these threats, strategies such as establishing protected areas, promoting sustainable practices, conducting restoration projects, and raising public awareness about conservation are essential. Collaborative efforts among governments, organizations, and local communities can lead to more effective conservation outcomes.
4. What role do keystone species play in ecosystems?
Ans. Keystone species are organisms that have a disproportionately large effect on their environment relative to their abundance. They help maintain the structure of an ecological community, influencing the types and numbers of various species present. The removal of a keystone species can lead to significant changes in the ecosystem, often resulting in a decline in biodiversity. Examples include predators that control prey populations and plants that provide essential resources for other species.
5. How does climate change impact ecosystems and what are the potential consequences?
Ans. Climate change affects ecosystems by altering temperature and precipitation patterns, leading to habitat loss, shifts in species distributions, and changes in the timing of biological events (phenology). These changes can result in loss of biodiversity, disruption of food webs, and increased vulnerability of ecosystems to invasive species and diseases. Adaptation strategies, such as habitat restoration and conservation planning, are critical to mitigate these impacts.
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