UPSC Exam > UPSC Notes > भारतीय अर्थव्यवस्था (Indian Economy) for UPSC CSE in Hindi > Economy (अर्थव्यवस्था): November 2021 UPSC Current Affairs
Economy (अर्थव्यवस्था): November 2021 UPSC Current Affairs | भारतीय अर्थव्यवस्था (Indian Economy) for UPSC CSE in Hindi PDF Download
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Page 1
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India- RBI) ????? ????? ??? ???
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Trajectory) ????? ????????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????
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? ????????????????? ?????: ????? ????????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ??????????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ??
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? ?????????????? ???? ????? ???: ??????? 40,000 ??????? ???? ??? ???? 65,000 ??????? ???? (??????? ??? ?????? 2021 ??
???) ?? ???????????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ????
? ??? ?? 2021 ???, ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? 30,000 ??????? ???? ??? ???? ????
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???? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ???
Page 2
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??? ?? ??? ?????? ??????????? ????? ?????????????? (Cryptocurrency) ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ???????
????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ???, ??????????? ????? ????????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????
z ?????? ???? ??? ?????????????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ???, ?????????????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? 2020 ??? ?????????? ???????
?? ???? ??? ?????????????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??, ?? ?????? ???????? ???? (Reserve Bank of
India- RBI) ????? ????? ??? ???
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Trajectory) ????? ????????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????
? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????????????? ???????? (Deflationary Effect) ?????? ?????
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???) ?? ???????????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ????
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Page 3
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??? ?? ??? ?????? ??????????? ????? ?????????????? (Cryptocurrency) ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ???????
????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ???, ??????????? ????? ????????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????
z ?????? ???? ??? ?????????????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ???, ?????????????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? 2020 ??? ?????????? ???????
?? ???? ??? ?????????????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??, ?? ?????? ???????? ???? (Reserve Bank of
India- RBI) ????? ????? ??? ???
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Trajectory) ????? ????????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????
? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????????????? ???????? (Deflationary Effect) ?????? ?????
z ?????????????? ??? ???????? ???????:
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? ????????????????? ?????: ????? ????????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ??????????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ??
????? ????
? ?????????????? ???? ????? ???: ??????? 40,000 ??????? ???? ??? ???? 65,000 ??????? ???? (??????? ??? ?????? 2021 ??
???) ?? ???????????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ????
? ??? ?? 2021 ???, ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? 30,000 ??????? ???? ??? ???? ????
? ?????? ???????? ?? ???????? ??????: ??????? ???????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ???????, ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? 6,00,000 ????
???? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ???
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??? ????-????? ????? ??? 18 ????. ??? ??????? ???????? 31 ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ???
? ?? ?????????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ????-???? ?? ????-????? ????? ?????????????? ??? ??? ?????, ?? ????
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? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???????/????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? -???? ??????????? ?????????? (Multi-Modal
Transport Services) ????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ????
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? ?? ?????????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????????? ???? ?????? ?????????????? ??????? ???????? ????????? (Uttar Pradesh
Expressways Industrial Development Authority- UPEIDA) ?? ?? ?? ???
? UPEIDA ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???
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? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? (???? ???? ?? ???? ???) ?? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??
???????????? ???? (National Industrial Corridor Development and Implementation Trust-
NICDIT) ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?????
z ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ???, ?????:
? ???? ??? ???????? ????????? - ??? ?? ?????
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??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????????? ????? ????????? (Ministries of Power and New and Renewable
Energy) ????? ????-?????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ????????/?????? ????? ????????
(Power Purchase Agreements- PPAs) ?? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????? (Renewable Energy Generation
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?? ?????? ???? ????
Page 4
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??? ?? ??? ?????? ??????????? ????? ?????????????? (Cryptocurrency) ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ???????
????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ???, ??????????? ????? ????????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????
z ?????? ???? ??? ?????????????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ???, ?????????????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? 2020 ??? ?????????? ???????
?? ???? ??? ?????????????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??, ?? ?????? ???????? ???? (Reserve Bank of
India- RBI) ????? ????? ??? ???
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???) ?? ???????????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ????
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? ?? ?????????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ????-???? ?? ????-????? ????? ?????????????? ??? ??? ?????, ?? ????
?? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????????? ?????? ??????
? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???????/????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? -???? ??????????? ?????????? (Multi-Modal
Transport Services) ????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ????
? ??? ???????? ?????????????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ????, ????????, ?????, ??????????, ??????, ??????? ???, ?????, ?? ??
??????? ????
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? ???? ?????? ??? ?????????? ?????????????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ????-???? ?? ????? ??????????????, ??-???-?? ??? ??
??????????????, ??????????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ????????? ????? ??? ????
? ?? ?????????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????????? ???? ?????? ?????????????? ??????? ???????? ????????? (Uttar Pradesh
Expressways Industrial Development Authority- UPEIDA) ?? ?? ?? ???
? UPEIDA ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???
??????? ???????:
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? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????????????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???????
????? ?? ‘?????? ?????’ ?? ??? ??? ????????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????????????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????????? ???? ???
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? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????????-?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????
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? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? (???? ???? ?? ???? ???) ?? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??
???????????? ???? (National Industrial Corridor Development and Implementation Trust-
NICDIT) ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?????
z ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ???, ?????:
? ???? ??? ???????? ????????? - ??? ?? ?????
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? ??????? ?????? ?????/??????? ??????
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? ???????/???? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ???????
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????? ??? ?????
??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????????? ????? ????????? (Ministries of Power and New and Renewable
Energy) ????? ????-?????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ????????/?????? ????? ????????
(Power Purchase Agreements- PPAs) ?? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????? (Renewable Energy Generation
Capacity) ?????? ???? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ????
?????? ?????
z ????-??????:
? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??????: ?? ????-?????? ????/????? ?????? ???????? ?? ‘??????’ ????? ?? ??????????? ?? ?????
??? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? PPA ?? ??? ????????? ?? ???????? ?? ??????? ????
?? ?????? ???? ????
? ?????? ????? ???????? (PPA), ?? ???????????? ?????? ????????, ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ??, ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ??????
???? ?? (????? ?????? ????????? (???????) ?? ?? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? (??????)?
? ????? ???? ??????: ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???????? (Renewable
Purchase Obligation- RPO) ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?????
? RPO ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????
?? ???? ???? ???? ????
? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??? RPO ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???
? RPO ????: ????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ????????????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? 2022 ??? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????
?? ???? ??? ???? ?? 21.2% ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???
? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???????: ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????
?? ??? ?? 50:50 ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??????
Structure of Power Sector
z ???????:
? ???? ????? ?? ???????: ?? ?????? PPAs ?? ??? ?????????? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?????????? ?? ?????
??????
? ????????? ???????????? ?? ???? ??????: ??? ??? ?? ?????? COP26 ???????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ????? ?? ??
???????????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? 2030 ?? 500 GW ?? ????? ???
??? ???
????? ??? ?????
?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ‘???? ?????? ??? ???????’ ??? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ????????? ?? ????
????????? ??????
?????? ?????:
z ??? ??? ?? ????:
? ??? ???: ??? ??? ?? ???????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???????????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?? ???????? ????? ??? ?? ?????
??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???
? ??? ????: ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ?? ????????, ??? ???? ?? ?????? ???????
?? ???? ??? ???? ???
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? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ???? '?????????? ??, ?????? ????? ???' (??? ??????) ??
????? ?? ????????? ???? ???
? ????? ??????: ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ???, ??????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? 2019
??? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ??????????? ?????? ????? ???
? ?????? ???????: ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ????????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??,
?????- ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ???????????
? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ??????' (???? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ??/ ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??) ??????? ?? ????? ???
???? ????
Page 5
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????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ???, ??????????? ????? ????????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????
z ?????? ???? ??? ?????????????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ???, ?????????????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? 2020 ??? ?????????? ???????
?? ???? ??? ?????????????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??, ?? ?????? ???????? ???? (Reserve Bank of
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??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?? ???
?????? ?????
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z ?????????????? ??? ???????? ???????:
? ????????? ?? ?????? ??????: ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??
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?????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ????
? ????????????????? ?????: ????? ????????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ??????????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ??
????? ????
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???) ?? ???????????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ????
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??? ???
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‘???????? ?????? ??????’ ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??????
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z ????????? ??????: ?????????????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????????? ???????? ?? ???????? ????????? ?? ????????? ?????
???????? ??????????: ????? ????? ??? ?????
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?????? ?????
z ?????????? ?????????????? ?? ???? ???:
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Transport Services) ????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ????
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??????? ????
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??????? ??? ???? ??????
z ??????? ???:
? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ????-???? ?? ????? ?????????????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??????
? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????
? ?? ?????????????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????
z ???? ?????? ??? ?????????????? ?? ??? ?????????:
? ???? ?????? ??? ?????????? ?????????????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ????-???? ?? ????? ??????????????, ??-???-?? ??? ??
??????????????, ??????????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ????????? ????? ??? ????
? ?? ?????????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????????? ???? ?????? ?????????????? ??????? ???????? ????????? (Uttar Pradesh
Expressways Industrial Development Authority- UPEIDA) ?? ?? ?? ???
? UPEIDA ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???
??????? ???????:
z ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ???:
? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ???
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? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ???????????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ????
???????????? ?? ??????
? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????????-?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????
z ???????????? ???????:
? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? (???? ???? ?? ???? ???) ?? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??
???????????? ???? (National Industrial Corridor Development and Implementation Trust-
NICDIT) ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?????
z ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ???, ?????:
? ???? ??? ???????? ????????? - ??? ?? ?????
? ????????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????????
? ?????? ?????? ??????
? ??????? ?????? ?????/??????? ??????
? ???????? ?????/????????????? ???
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? ???????/???? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ???????
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??? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????
????? ??? ?????
??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????????? ????? ????????? (Ministries of Power and New and Renewable
Energy) ????? ????-?????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ????????/?????? ????? ????????
(Power Purchase Agreements- PPAs) ?? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????? (Renewable Energy Generation
Capacity) ?????? ???? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ????
?????? ?????
z ????-??????:
? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??????: ?? ????-?????? ????/????? ?????? ???????? ?? ‘??????’ ????? ?? ??????????? ?? ?????
??? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? PPA ?? ??? ????????? ?? ???????? ?? ??????? ????
?? ?????? ???? ????
? ?????? ????? ???????? (PPA), ?? ???????????? ?????? ????????, ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ??, ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ??????
???? ?? (????? ?????? ????????? (???????) ?? ?? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? (??????)?
? ????? ???? ??????: ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???????? (Renewable
Purchase Obligation- RPO) ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?????
? RPO ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????
?? ???? ???? ???? ????
? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??? RPO ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???
? RPO ????: ????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ????????????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? 2022 ??? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????
?? ???? ??? ???? ?? 21.2% ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???
? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???????: ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????
?? ??? ?? 50:50 ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??????
Structure of Power Sector
z ???????:
? ???? ????? ?? ???????: ?? ?????? PPAs ?? ??? ?????????? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?????????? ?? ?????
??????
? ????????? ???????????? ?? ???? ??????: ??? ??? ?? ?????? COP26 ???????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ????? ?? ??
???????????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? 2030 ?? 500 GW ?? ????? ???
??? ???
????? ??? ?????
?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ‘???? ?????? ??? ???????’ ??? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ????????? ?? ????
????????? ??????
?????? ?????:
z ??? ??? ?? ????:
? ??? ???: ??? ??? ?? ???????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???????????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?? ???????? ????? ??? ?? ?????
??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???
? ??? ????: ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ?? ????????, ??? ???? ?? ?????? ???????
?? ???? ??? ???? ???
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?????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ????????? ???? ???
? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ???? '?????????? ??, ?????? ????? ???' (??? ??????) ??
????? ?? ????????? ???? ???
? ????? ??????: ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ???, ??????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? 2019
??? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ??????????? ?????? ????? ???
? ?????? ???????: ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ????????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??,
?????- ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ???????????
? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ??????' (???? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ??/ ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??) ??????? ?? ????? ???
???? ????
? ‘???????’ ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ??, ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ????
???? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?????????? ?? ????? ???
???????? ?? ????????? ??????
z ???????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????????? ??? ?????? ???? ??, ?????? ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ???? ???
? ???????????? ????????? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??, ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ??
???? ???? ???? ???
? ???????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ??, ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ????????? ???? ???? ??
?? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???
z ????????? ??? ?? ???? ?????????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ???
? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???, ?????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ????????? ???? ??
???????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ???
? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???
z ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????????????:
? ????????? ??? ???? ??? ‘??? ???’ ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???????????? ?????? ???? ???? ???
? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ?????- ???????? ?? ?????? 2013 ??? ?????? ??? ‘????? ??????’ ?? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????????? ?????? ??? ???
??? ?? ???????????? ????? ????
? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ‘??????????????’ ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??????
????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????
???? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ????????????
????? ??? ?????
??????? ???? ?? ‘???????? ??? ??????????? ????’ (Migration and Development Brief) ?? ???????, ???? ?????? 2021 ???
87 ?????? ??????? ???? (?????? ?????? ??? 4.6% ?? ???????) ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? (Remittances)
???????????? ??? ???
z ???? ?? ?????? ???, ????????, ????????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???
z ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??, ?? ??? ??????? ?? ?? 20% ??? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ???
?????? ?????
z ??????? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ????:
? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????, ????????? ?? ???? ???? ?????????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ????
????????????? ?? ??? ??????, ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ???
? ???? ?????? ????? (GCC) ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? (??????) ??????? ?? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??
?????? ???????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ????????? ?????? ?? ?? ???
? ?????? ?????? (????????? ???? ??? ???? ???) ?? ????? ???????-19 ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ????????
(??????? ???? ?? ???? ?????) ?? ????????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????
? ????????????? ?? ???????? ?? ???????-19 ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????????? ??? ????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ???
???????? ??????????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???
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Dec 22, 2024 Last updated |
Document Description: Economy (अर्थव्यवस्था): November 2021 UPSC Current Affairs for UPSC 2024 is part of भारतीय अर्थव्यवस्था (Indian Economy) for UPSC CSE in Hindi preparation.
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Full syllabus notes, lecture & questions for Economy (अर्थव्यवस्था): November 2021 UPSC Current Affairs | भारतीय अर्थव्यवस्था (Indian Economy) for UPSC CSE in Hindi - UPSC | Plus excerises question with solution to help you revise complete syllabus for भारतीय अर्थव्यवस्था (Indian Economy) for UPSC CSE in Hindi | Best notes, free PDF download
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