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El Nino & La Nina Video Lecture | Geography for UPSC CSE

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1. What is El Niño and La Niña?
El Niño and La Niña are two climate patterns that occur in the Pacific Ocean. El Niño refers to the warming of the ocean surface temperatures in the central and eastern Pacific, while La Niña refers to the cooling of the same region. These patterns have significant impacts on global weather and climate patterns.
2. How do El Niño and La Niña affect weather patterns?
During El Niño, the warmer ocean temperatures disrupt the normal atmospheric circulation patterns, leading to changes in weather around the world. It can cause increased rainfall in some areas, such as the western coast of South America, and droughts in others, like Australia and Southeast Asia. La Niña, on the other hand, tends to have the opposite effect, with increased rainfall in the western Pacific and drier conditions in the eastern Pacific.
3. What are the impacts of El Niño and La Niña on agriculture?
El Niño and La Niña can have significant impacts on agriculture. During El Niño, regions that typically rely on regular rainfall may experience drought, leading to reduced crop yields and water scarcity. On the other hand, La Niña can bring excessive rainfall, causing flooding and damaging crops. These climate patterns can also affect the availability of fish and marine resources, impacting the livelihoods of fishing communities.
4. How long do El Niño and La Niña events usually last?
El Niño and La Niña events typically last for several months to a year or two. El Niño events tend to be shorter, lasting around 9-12 months, while La Niña events can persist for longer, often lasting 1-3 years. The frequency and intensity of these events vary, with some years experiencing stronger El Niño or La Niña conditions than others.
5. Can El Niño and La Niña be predicted in advance?
Yes, scientists use various methods and models to predict the development and intensity of El Niño and La Niña events. These predictions are based on monitoring ocean temperatures, atmospheric conditions, and historical climate data. While predictions are not always 100% accurate, they provide valuable information for governments, communities, and industries to prepare and adapt to the potential impacts of these climate patterns.
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