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FAQs on Emergence Of Sociology In Europe - Sociology Optional for UPSC (Notes)
| 1. What are the key factors that led to the emergence of sociology in Europe? |  |
Ans. The emergence of sociology in Europe was influenced by several key factors, including the Industrial Revolution, which brought about significant social changes; the Enlightenment period, which emphasized reason and scientific thinking; and the political revolutions, such as the French Revolution, which challenged traditional authority and social hierarchies. These developments created a need to understand the complexities of social life and the relationships between individuals and society.
| 2. Who are the founding figures of sociology in Europe? | |
Ans. The founding figures of sociology in Europe include Auguste Comte, who is often referred to as the father of sociology for his ideas on positivism and the scientific study of society. Other important figures include Émile Durkheim, known for his work on social cohesion and collective consciousness, and Max Weber, who focused on the role of individual agency and the impact of culture on social action.
| 3. How did the Enlightenment contribute to the development of sociology? | |
Ans. The Enlightenment contributed to the development of sociology by promoting ideas of rationality, individualism, and skepticism towards tradition. Thinkers like John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau questioned established norms and authority, encouraging a scientific approach to social phenomena. This intellectual environment fostered the idea that society could be studied systematically, leading to the establishment of sociology as a discipline.
| 4. What role did the Industrial Revolution play in shaping sociological thought? | |
Ans. The Industrial Revolution played a crucial role in shaping sociological thought by transforming economic, social, and cultural structures. Urbanization, the rise of factories, and changes in labor relations created new social problems, such as poverty, inequality, and alienation. Sociologists sought to understand these issues, leading to the development of theories that addressed the impact of industrialization on social life and the need for social reform.
| 5. How did the political revolutions in Europe influence the field of sociology? | |
Ans. The political revolutions in Europe, particularly the French Revolution, greatly influenced the field of sociology by challenging existing social orders and promoting ideas of democracy, equality, and individual rights. These revolutions encouraged sociologists to analyze the relationship between society and governance, the role of social movements, and the impact of political change on social structures, thereby expanding the scope of sociological inquiry.
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