NEET Exam > NEET Videos > Chemistry Class 12 > Enzyme Catalysis
Enzyme Catalysis Video Lecture | Chemistry Class 12 - NEET
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FAQs on Enzyme Catalysis Video Lecture - Chemistry Class 12 - NEET
| 1. What is enzyme catalysis? |  |
Enzyme catalysis is a process in which enzymes act as catalysts to accelerate chemical reactions in living organisms. Enzymes are proteins that bind to specific molecules, called substrates, and convert them into products through various biochemical reactions.
| 2. How do enzymes catalyze reactions? | |
Enzymes catalyze reactions by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur. They do this by binding to the substrate and stabilizing its transition state, facilitating the formation of products. Enzymes can also provide an alternative reaction pathway, allowing the reaction to proceed at a faster rate.
| 3. What factors can affect enzyme catalysis? | |
Several factors can influence enzyme catalysis, including temperature, pH, substrate concentration, and enzyme concentration. Changes in these factors can alter the enzyme's activity, as they can affect the enzyme's structure and the binding affinity between the enzyme and substrate.
| 4. Can enzymes catalyze any type of reaction? | |
Enzymes are highly specific in their catalytic activity and typically catalyze a particular reaction or a specific group of similar reactions. Each enzyme has a unique active site that fits the specific shape and chemical properties of its substrate. This specificity allows enzymes to perform their functions effectively.
| 5. How are enzymes regulated in the cell? | |
Enzyme activity can be regulated in various ways within the cell. Some enzymes are regulated by the presence of specific molecules, known as allosteric regulators, which can either activate or inhibit their activity. Enzymes can also be regulated through covalent modifications, such as phosphorylation or methylation, which can alter their structure and activity. Additionally, gene expression and the availability of cofactors or coenzymes can also affect enzyme activity.
Text Transcript from Video
hello friends this video on surface
chemistry part 15 is got you by exam
Viacom no more fear from exam the next
is enzyme catalysis see in the body most
of the reaction that we play the example
dilation of food
everything happens because of enzymes we
have studied this is our main chimes
right and we're enzymes enzymes a
complex nitrogenous organic compound we
have seen this enzymes hard by complex
nitro genius compound all organic
compounds create the complex nitrogenous
organic amount and they produce a living
bodies plants animals right so they are
protein molecules of high molecular mass
it is nothing but these are proteins
high molecular mass they are very very
very efficient catalyst right it
catalyzes large number of reaction that
occurs in the body of humans and animals
so I can say in science are nothing but
biochemical catalyst and he has three
Lord about this in a chapter I remember
catalyst you can watch video on that
where you can see all the enzymes acting
in the biochemical catalyst that's
enzymes how it works and why it works
they were finally because of their
complex structure of their size on the
shape right and the first enzyme was
synthesized in 1969 please note not very
not very old only 1969 note in 50 years
to now write this first enzyme was
synthesized in 1969 in the lab so you
want to know more about the enzyme
catalysis you can watch the videos which
you have created on this enzyme
catalysis however take some examples see
enzyme cattle
there are so many example the first
example I could think of is the key in
so where if you have the inversion of
cane sugar in the presence of invert
this is my clean sober so what is done
is we give some enzymes here in virtus
and with this the inversion is fast
c12h22o11
some water in so that we use this
inverted enzyme and what you get is
glucose and fructose glucose a problem
this is one good example of enzymes the
second good example of enzymes are my
conversion of glucose to be pile alcohol
I have my glucose I use an enzyme
world's amines to convert this into
ethyl alcohol obviously comet Ison was
calm this is my glucose it converts into
alcohol in the presence of Siamese the
next example I can give you starch you
want to convert this into maltose you
use enzyme example I can take you
example of a starch example c6h 1005 n
this is my starch and I will use some
water molecule ahead obviously and I use
Monto enzyme named dice tails this will
come more into
bardos one more example I can give you
for the enzyme this one example as far
as the maltose you want to convert into
glucose if you want to convert the small
toes into glucose you can use this
enzyme X equal mild tails so I have a
mod toes I want to convert this into
glucose
I used enzyme called Monte's it's
Martin's maltose sucrose using mondays
we can take one sample decomposition of
urea so I have a urea it has to be
decomposed to let suppose ammonia and
carbon dioxide so for that we will use
you days so if you see here NH 2 CO and
H 2 this is my urea and I use this
urease like a this ammonia and carbon
dioxide so more examples if you want we
can give you is protein 2 peptides in
the stomach this happen protein 2
peptides and this happens in the
presence of a again enzyme called
peptide this happens in the stomach in
more example protein you want to cover
into amino acid we can use enzyme called
trypsin right one more examples if you
want you can have this milk this is a
very good example and this this protein
2 amino acid happens in the intestine of
the human body from milk if you want to
convert this to car which you used in
our life little delight we use lack to
basse with enzyme lactone b/c i double-l
lie laptop pass any enzyme this enzyme
is used to convert back to curd now
let's talk about the characteristics of
this enzyme catalysis the first one is
they are most highly efficient c1
millions of reactant per minute it can
form product 1 millions of reactant per
minute it's very very very efficient a
very very efficient it is highly
specific c1 catalyst
can one enzyme scatter seem to talk
about they can't catalyze more than one
reaction right so they are very very
specific and that's why we have so many
medicines coming in because these
medicines catalyze only one or few
reactions they may be specific they are
highly active under optimum temperature
if you talk about the enzyme catalyst if
you see most of the enzyme catalyzed
work in the body and body has optimum
temperature so these catalysts chili
both at optimum temperatures a very high
temperature or the very low temperature
these enzymes don't work they have a
optimum temperature of almost 298 310
Kelvin we know right on the temperature
98 to 310 this is the optimum
temperature range where this guy box and
if you see the human body is at 300 and
color this is our human body temperature
right it is optimum pH again since our
body also has optimum pH it's not very
acidic not very basic so it works in the
pH range of 5 to 7 and the increasing
activity in the presence of activators
and co enzyme so we have seen that a
small amount of activators it can
increase the activity of this enzymes
and these vitamins are generally
activators right in our body to see
their small amount of vitamins along
with this enzymes can make miracle so na
plus MN plus co class Cu plus all these
copper metal metal ions ate so much
sodium ions copper ions these are
activators example I can give you this a
- enzymes right this is very very
powerful in the presence of slowly miles
this sodium is a
activator so at it responds a lot to
activator
correctly we have seen something called
activator and poisons so it responds to
activators that's what I have told it
there is a good influence of inhibitors
and poisons also
these enzymes are inhibited or poison is
a or actually by certain inhibitors and
what they do is these inhibitors
actually they interact with the active
functional functionality of this enzymes
and they reduce the catalytic action of
the same times and if you see most of
the medicines are inhibitors most of
medicines we take are individuals are
you see actually it's a very simple or
it's very difficult to break something
but very very easy to break something
but very difficult to make something
right so medicines also it has to
auction either create something create
something do something good or inhibit
so for medicine also inhibit is
something like breaking things it is
easy so most of the medicines are having
inhibitory effect so if you're having
pain this medicines which is paying but
it will try to your protocol somehow get
the message from where you are getting
the pain and somehow it will block these
messages from going to brain so you will
feel that you are not getting pain but
actually do not do anything it is just
inhibit so most of the medicines in the
market has enabled in it Oregon
inhibitory effect except the antibiotics
but most of the painkillers we think
closing in dolo any medicine will be
Muslim admitting they are having this
inhibitory influence so these where the
characteristics of the catalyst the the
enzyme catalyst they are efficient they
are specific in nature they're they are
active and optimum temperature optimum
pH and they are highly impacted because
of the activators and the Cohen science
and they have a huge impact of
inhibitors and poison salts to talk
about the mechanism of enzymes we have
seen this in the last few chapters right
so in fact if you talk about the enzymes
they have a peculiar shape right they
have cavities here
this is my engines the Greek where is my
enzymes this is neither have a
particular ship and that's why they're
so much selective so this is active site
in science abstract reacted combined
here right and then they form
intermediate product it's easy to break
and they break apart so since in this
enzyme is of the shape it will take only
subtract of the shape it won't take a
subtract which is of this shape itself
right it won't take it will take only
substan we have of the same and that's
why this enzyme to select it right so
these are substract and this enzymes the
they shape are complementing to each
other these substract actually fits into
this cavities correct again bacteria
complex is formed and it become go to
form product thank you visit exam va.com
to watch more videos @m free online test
get three study materials find tutors
and mentors and much more thanks once
again
chemistry part 15 is got you by exam
Viacom no more fear from exam the next
is enzyme catalysis see in the body most
of the reaction that we play the example
dilation of food
everything happens because of enzymes we
have studied this is our main chimes
right and we're enzymes enzymes a
complex nitrogenous organic compound we
have seen this enzymes hard by complex
nitro genius compound all organic
compounds create the complex nitrogenous
organic amount and they produce a living
bodies plants animals right so they are
protein molecules of high molecular mass
it is nothing but these are proteins
high molecular mass they are very very
very efficient catalyst right it
catalyzes large number of reaction that
occurs in the body of humans and animals
so I can say in science are nothing but
biochemical catalyst and he has three
Lord about this in a chapter I remember
catalyst you can watch video on that
where you can see all the enzymes acting
in the biochemical catalyst that's
enzymes how it works and why it works
they were finally because of their
complex structure of their size on the
shape right and the first enzyme was
synthesized in 1969 please note not very
not very old only 1969 note in 50 years
to now write this first enzyme was
synthesized in 1969 in the lab so you
want to know more about the enzyme
catalysis you can watch the videos which
you have created on this enzyme
catalysis however take some examples see
enzyme cattle
there are so many example the first
example I could think of is the key in
so where if you have the inversion of
cane sugar in the presence of invert
this is my clean sober so what is done
is we give some enzymes here in virtus
and with this the inversion is fast
c12h22o11
some water in so that we use this
inverted enzyme and what you get is
glucose and fructose glucose a problem
this is one good example of enzymes the
second good example of enzymes are my
conversion of glucose to be pile alcohol
I have my glucose I use an enzyme
world's amines to convert this into
ethyl alcohol obviously comet Ison was
calm this is my glucose it converts into
alcohol in the presence of Siamese the
next example I can give you starch you
want to convert this into maltose you
use enzyme example I can take you
example of a starch example c6h 1005 n
this is my starch and I will use some
water molecule ahead obviously and I use
Monto enzyme named dice tails this will
come more into
bardos one more example I can give you
for the enzyme this one example as far
as the maltose you want to convert into
glucose if you want to convert the small
toes into glucose you can use this
enzyme X equal mild tails so I have a
mod toes I want to convert this into
glucose
I used enzyme called Monte's it's
Martin's maltose sucrose using mondays
we can take one sample decomposition of
urea so I have a urea it has to be
decomposed to let suppose ammonia and
carbon dioxide so for that we will use
you days so if you see here NH 2 CO and
H 2 this is my urea and I use this
urease like a this ammonia and carbon
dioxide so more examples if you want we
can give you is protein 2 peptides in
the stomach this happen protein 2
peptides and this happens in the
presence of a again enzyme called
peptide this happens in the stomach in
more example protein you want to cover
into amino acid we can use enzyme called
trypsin right one more examples if you
want you can have this milk this is a
very good example and this this protein
2 amino acid happens in the intestine of
the human body from milk if you want to
convert this to car which you used in
our life little delight we use lack to
basse with enzyme lactone b/c i double-l
lie laptop pass any enzyme this enzyme
is used to convert back to curd now
let's talk about the characteristics of
this enzyme catalysis the first one is
they are most highly efficient c1
millions of reactant per minute it can
form product 1 millions of reactant per
minute it's very very very efficient a
very very efficient it is highly
specific c1 catalyst
can one enzyme scatter seem to talk
about they can't catalyze more than one
reaction right so they are very very
specific and that's why we have so many
medicines coming in because these
medicines catalyze only one or few
reactions they may be specific they are
highly active under optimum temperature
if you talk about the enzyme catalyst if
you see most of the enzyme catalyzed
work in the body and body has optimum
temperature so these catalysts chili
both at optimum temperatures a very high
temperature or the very low temperature
these enzymes don't work they have a
optimum temperature of almost 298 310
Kelvin we know right on the temperature
98 to 310 this is the optimum
temperature range where this guy box and
if you see the human body is at 300 and
color this is our human body temperature
right it is optimum pH again since our
body also has optimum pH it's not very
acidic not very basic so it works in the
pH range of 5 to 7 and the increasing
activity in the presence of activators
and co enzyme so we have seen that a
small amount of activators it can
increase the activity of this enzymes
and these vitamins are generally
activators right in our body to see
their small amount of vitamins along
with this enzymes can make miracle so na
plus MN plus co class Cu plus all these
copper metal metal ions ate so much
sodium ions copper ions these are
activators example I can give you this a
- enzymes right this is very very
powerful in the presence of slowly miles
this sodium is a
activator so at it responds a lot to
activator
correctly we have seen something called
activator and poisons so it responds to
activators that's what I have told it
there is a good influence of inhibitors
and poisons also
these enzymes are inhibited or poison is
a or actually by certain inhibitors and
what they do is these inhibitors
actually they interact with the active
functional functionality of this enzymes
and they reduce the catalytic action of
the same times and if you see most of
the medicines are inhibitors most of
medicines we take are individuals are
you see actually it's a very simple or
it's very difficult to break something
but very very easy to break something
but very difficult to make something
right so medicines also it has to
auction either create something create
something do something good or inhibit
so for medicine also inhibit is
something like breaking things it is
easy so most of the medicines are having
inhibitory effect so if you're having
pain this medicines which is paying but
it will try to your protocol somehow get
the message from where you are getting
the pain and somehow it will block these
messages from going to brain so you will
feel that you are not getting pain but
actually do not do anything it is just
inhibit so most of the medicines in the
market has enabled in it Oregon
inhibitory effect except the antibiotics
but most of the painkillers we think
closing in dolo any medicine will be
Muslim admitting they are having this
inhibitory influence so these where the
characteristics of the catalyst the the
enzyme catalyst they are efficient they
are specific in nature they're they are
active and optimum temperature optimum
pH and they are highly impacted because
of the activators and the Cohen science
and they have a huge impact of
inhibitors and poison salts to talk
about the mechanism of enzymes we have
seen this in the last few chapters right
so in fact if you talk about the enzymes
they have a peculiar shape right they
have cavities here
this is my engines the Greek where is my
enzymes this is neither have a
particular ship and that's why they're
so much selective so this is active site
in science abstract reacted combined
here right and then they form
intermediate product it's easy to break
and they break apart so since in this
enzyme is of the shape it will take only
subtract of the shape it won't take a
subtract which is of this shape itself
right it won't take it will take only
substan we have of the same and that's
why this enzyme to select it right so
these are substract and this enzymes the
they shape are complementing to each
other these substract actually fits into
this cavities correct again bacteria
complex is formed and it become go to
form product thank you visit exam va.com
to watch more videos @m free online test
get three study materials find tutors
and mentors and much more thanks once
again
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Video Description: Enzyme Catalysis for NEET 2024 is part of Chemistry Class 12 preparation.
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