Essay Previous Year Question Paper (2022) Section - B | UPSC Mains Essay Preparation PDF Download

The time to repair the roof is when the sun is shining

Introduction

• Start with a brief explanation of the proverb.
• Relate the proverb to the importance of being proactive rather than reactive.
• Introduce how this concept applies to various aspects of life, society, and governance.

Body

• Personal Responsibility and Proactivity
  • Discuss the importance of individual preparedness in personal life.
  • Example: Saving money during times of financial stability.
• Social and Economic Aspects
  • Address the application in societal context, like community welfare programs during peaceful times.
  • Discuss economic stability and the importance of building reserves during economic booms.
• Environmental Concerns
  • Highlight proactive measures in environmental conservation.
  • Example: Implementing sustainable practices during times of ecological balance.
• Political and Governance
  • Stress on government's role in policy-making during peaceful and stable times.
  • Example: Implementing reforms during periods of political stability.
• Health and Wellness
  • Emphasize on public health initiatives in non-crisis periods.
  • Example: Investing in healthcare infrastructure before a health crisis.
• Education and Skill Development
  • Importance of continuous learning and skill upgrading.
  • Example: Investing in education systems and technology during periods of educational reform.
• Recent Current Affairs Examples
  • Include recent examples from Indian and global context showing proactive measures.
  • Discuss the response to the COVID-19 pandemic as an example.

Conclusion

• Summarize the importance of acting proactively across various sectors.
• Reinforce the message of the proverb in the context of building a resilient society.
• End with a relevant quote or phrase that encapsulates the essence of the essay.

Sample Essay

The following essay serves as a sample for the given topic. Students can add their own ideas and points as well.

"The Time to Repair the Roof is When the Sun is Shining"

Introduction

John F. Kennedy once wisely remarked, "The time to repair the roof is when the sun is shining." This proverb serves as a metaphor for the importance of being proactive rather than reactive. It highlights the necessity of taking action during times of stability to prepare for future uncertainties. This essay explores the application of this wisdom across various dimensions of life, emphasizing its relevance in personal, societal, and governance contexts, particularly in the Indian scenario.

Body

Personal Responsibility and Proactivity

In personal lives, the proverb underscores the importance of foresight. For instance, saving money during times of financial stability is crucial for weathering future economic downturns. This habit is vital in a country like India, where a large segment of the population faces financial instability.

Social and Economic Aspects

Societally, the adage advocates for community welfare programs during peaceful times. In prosperous periods, communities should build resources and capabilities to support the underprivileged. Economically, countries like India must capitalize on periods of growth to strengthen their reserves, thereby cushioning against potential recessions.

Environmental Concerns

Environmental sustainability is another critical area. Implementing green practices and investing in renewable energy sources during times of ecological balance can prevent future environmental crises. Initiatives like India's National Solar Mission exemplify proactive environmental stewardship.

Political and Governance

Politically, the proverb is a call for governments to enact reforms and policies during times of stability. For instance, India's recent strides in digital governance and economic reforms were possible due to political stability, illustrating the proverb's wisdom.

Health and Wellness

The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the importance of proactive health measures. Investing in healthcare infrastructure, like increasing the number of hospitals and research in medical technology, is crucial before health crises strike. India's rapid development and distribution of COVID-19 vaccines stand as a testament to proactive health governance.

Education and Skill Development

In education and skill development, continuous learning and upgrading are essential. Investing in education systems and integrating technology, as seen in India's recent educational reforms, prepare future generations for evolving job markets.

Recent Current Affairs Examples

The global response to the COVID-19 pandemic is a prime example of the proverb's relevance. Countries that had invested in their healthcare systems fared better. Similarly, India's proactive measures in early lockdowns and vaccine development were crucial in managing the crisis.

Conclusion

In conclusion, "The time to repair the roof is when the sun is shining" is a powerful reminder of the importance of proactive action in various sectors. From personal finance to global health crises, acting during times of stability prepares individuals and societies for future challenges. As Helen Keller aptly said, "Security is mostly a superstition. Life is either a daring adventure or nothing." Therefore, let us embrace the spirit of this proverb and build a more resilient society.

You cannot step twice in the same river

Introduction

• Start with a Quote or Phrase: Something that resonates with the theme of change and impermanence, e.g., "Change is the only constant in life." - Heraclitus
• Introduce the Concept: Briefly explain the philosophical concept by Heraclitus that one cannot step into the same river twice, symbolizing the constant change in life.
• Thesis Statement: Outline the focus of your essay, e.g., exploring how this concept applies to various aspects of society, nature, and individual lives.

Body

• Part 1: Nature and Environment
  • Environmental Changes: Discuss climate change, deforestation, and their impacts on ecosystems.
  • Indian Context: Highlight specific examples from India, like the changing patterns of monsoons, river pollution, and biodiversity loss.
• Part 2: Society and Culture
  • Evolving Societal Norms: Discuss how societal norms and values have changed over time, with examples like gender roles, marriage, and education.
  • Indian Society Examples: Include changes in the joint family system, women empowerment movements, and technological impacts on social interactions.
• Part 3: Economy and Technology
  • Economic Shifts: Discuss globalization, the shift from agrarian to industrial economies, and now to digital economies.
  • Technology's Role: Talk about the rapid technological advancements and their impact on jobs, lifestyles, and economies.
• Part 4: Politics and Governance
  • Political Changes: Discuss the evolution of political ideologies and governance models.
  • Indian Political Landscape: Cover recent changes in Indian politics, policy reforms, and their societal impact.
• Part 5: Personal Growth and Development
  • Individual Life Changes: Discuss personal growth, changing aspirations, and life stages.
  • Adapting to Change: Emphasize the importance of adaptability and learning in personal and professional life.

Conclusion

• Summarize Key Points: Briefly recap the main ideas discussed in the essay.
• Concluding Quote or Phrase: Use a reflective quote to encapsulate the essay’s theme, e.g., "The only way to make sense out of change is to plunge into it, move with it, and join the dance." - Alan Watts
• Final Thoughts: End with a personal reflection or a call to action, emphasizing the importance of embracing change.

Sample Essay

The following essay serves as a sample for the given topic. Students can add their own ideas and points as well.

"You cannot step twice in the same river"

"Change is the only constant in life." Heraclitus’s ancient words echo through time, reminding us of the inevitable flux in every aspect of existence. This essay delves into the multifaceted implications of this concept, tracing its ripples through nature, society, economy, politics, and personal life, with a special focus on the Indian context.

Nature and Environment

The world's environmental landscape is a prime example of constant change. Climate change, a global challenge, has altered weather patterns, leading to unpredictable monsoons and severe weather events in India. Rivers, once pristine, now grapple with pollution and industrial waste. The Yamuna River, sacred yet heavily polluted, stands as a testament to this transformation.

Society and Culture

Indian society, steeped in tradition, has witnessed a seismic shift in its cultural fabric. The joint family system, once the backbone of social life, is gradually giving way to nuclear families, especially in urban areas. Women, historically relegated to domestic roles, are now pivotal in the workforce, echoing a global movement towards gender equality. The Supreme Court's landmark judgment decriminalizing homosexuality marks a significant societal shift towards inclusivity.

Economy and Technology

The Indian economy has evolved from being primarily agrarian to a burgeoning digital powerhouse. The IT revolution has not only altered the job landscape but has also reshaped lifestyles. Demonetization and the subsequent push for digital transactions is a recent example of economic change embracing technological advancements.

Politics and Governance

Politically, India has undergone remarkable changes since its independence. The recent abrogation of Article 370 in Jammu and Kashmir is a contemporary example of political dynamism. Furthermore, policy reforms like the Goods and Services Tax (GST) showcase the evolving nature of governance and economic management.

Personal Growth and Development

On a personal level, each individual's journey is a testament to Heraclitus’s concept. Our aspirations, capabilities, and life situations constantly evolve. The COVID-19 pandemic, a recent global crisis, forced individuals and societies to adapt to new norms, demonstrating the criticality of adaptability and resilience in the face of change.

In conclusion, the idea that "you cannot step twice in the same river" is profoundly reflected in every aspect of life. From the environmental shifts in our rivers to the cultural and societal transformations in our communities, change is ubiquitous. As Alan Watts aptly put it, "The only way to make sense out of change is to plunge into it, move with it, and join the dance." Embracing change, therefore, is not just a philosophical ideal but a practical necessity for growth and progress in an ever-evolving world.

A smile is the chosen vehicle for all ambiguities

Guidelines for writing an essay on the topic "A smile is the chosen vehicle for all ambiguities" for the UPSC examination. This essay can be structured as follows:

Introduction

• Hook: Start with a relatable quote or phrase about smiles (e.g., "A smile is a universal welcome" by Max Eastman).
• Contextualization: Briefly introduce the significance of a smile in human interaction.
• Thesis Statement: Define the core idea of how a smile acts as a medium for conveying complex emotions and messages.

Body

• Historical and Cultural Perspectives of a Smile:
  • Explore the role of a smile in different cultures and historical periods.
  • Discuss how a smile has been perceived in Indian society historically.
• Psychological Aspects of a Smile:
  • Delve into the psychology behind smiling and its impact on human behavior.
  • Discuss the concept of a smile as a mask to hide true emotions or intentions.
• Role of a Smile in Communication and Relationships:
  • Discuss how a smile can bridge communication gaps and foster relationships.
  • Include examples from Indian society and personal interactions.
• A Smile in Leadership and Diplomacy:
  • Analyze the role of a smile in politics, leadership, and diplomacy.
  • Include examples of prominent leaders (e.g., Mahatma Gandhi’s use of nonverbal communication).
• Current Affairs and the Smile:
  • Discuss recent events where a smile played a key role (e.g., peace talks, international diplomacy).
  • Include a current affair from Indian context.
• Negative Aspects of a Smile:
  • Address situations where a smile might convey ambiguity or be misinterpreted.
  • Discuss the concept of 'smiling depression' or using a smile as a façade.

Conclusion

• Summarize Key Points: Reiterate how a smile serves as a vehicle for various emotions and messages.
• Reflective Statement: Discuss the importance of understanding the nuances behind a smile in today’s society.
• Closing Quote or Phrase: End with a thought-provoking quote or phrase about smiles (e.g., “A warm smile is the universal language of kindness” by William Arthur Ward).

Sample Essay

The following essay serves as a sample for the given topic. Students can add their own ideas and points as well.

A Smile is the Chosen Vehicle for All Ambiguities

"A smile is a universal welcome," Max Eastman once said, encapsulating the profound yet often overlooked power of a smile. In the tapestry of human interaction, a smile serves as a subtle, yet potent tool. It is the chosen vehicle for all ambiguities, conveying a myriad of emotions and messages, often beyond the capacity of words.

Historically, the smile has held different significances in various cultures. In Indian society, a smile has been a symbol of hospitality and warmth, transcending language barriers and cultural differences. It has been a common thread in our rich tapestry of diverse customs and traditions.

From a psychological viewpoint, the dynamics of a smile are intriguing. It is not merely a reaction to joy but can also be a deliberate mask. This duality is especially pertinent in today's fast-paced, often stressful environment. The concept of 'smiling depression,' where individuals mask their true feelings behind a cheerful façade, is increasingly relevant.

In the realm of communication, a smile can bridge the gap where words fall short. In the intricate social fabric of India, where diverse languages and dialects coexist, a smile often becomes a universal mode of connection. It fosters relationships and builds trust, acting as a silent emissary of goodwill.

In leadership and diplomacy, the role of a smile cannot be overstated. Leaders like Mahatma Gandhi have demonstrated the power of nonverbal communication. A smile in their arsenal was not just an expression but a strategic tool in negotiations and public interactions. In recent times, the smiles exchanged in high-profile diplomatic meetings, such as those between Indian and foreign leaders, often speak volumes, hinting at underlying cordiality or tensions.

Current affairs provide a rich canvas to observe the role of a smile. The recent India-Pakistan border talks saw smiles exchanged, a gesture indicating a willingness to thaw frosty relations. In Indian politics, a smile has often been a harbinger of subtle messages, sometimes signifying confidence, other times cloaking strategy.

However, the ambiguity that a smile carries can also lead to misinterpretations. In a society that often values overt expression, the subtlety of a smile can be misleading. It raises questions about authenticity and the true emotions lurking behind this pleasant façade.

In conclusion, a smile, in its simplicity, carries a complexity that mirrors the human psyche. It is a vehicle for both clear and ambiguous messages, a tool for connection, and a mask for hidden emotions. As William Arthur Ward aptly put it, “A warm smile is the universal language of kindness.” In understanding the nuances and meanings behind each smile, we open doors to deeper comprehension and connection in our increasingly complex world.

Just because you have a choice, it does not mean that any of them has to be right

Creating an effective essay, especially for a UPSC examination, requires a structured approach with clear and concise points. Here's a guideline for your essay on the topic "Just because you have a choice, it does not mean that any of them has to be right", followed by a sample essay.

Introduction

• Quote or Phrase: Start with a relevant quote or phrase to hook the reader.
• Explanation of the Topic: Briefly explain the essence of the topic.
• Thesis Statement: Present your main argument or viewpoint on the topic.

Body

• Part 1: The Nature of Choices
  • Diversity of Choices: Explain how modern society presents numerous choices in every aspect of life.
  • The Complexity of Right and Wrong: Discuss the complexity of determining what's 'right' in various scenarios.
  • Examples: Use examples from daily life, like career choices or ethical dilemmas.
• Part 2: Impact of Choices on Society
  • Indian Society Context: Discuss how choices impact Indian society, considering cultural, economic, and social aspects.
  • Global Context: Compare with global scenarios or international examples.
  • Current Affairs Example: Incorporate a recent news event that highlights the complexity of choices.
• Part 3: Decision Making
  • Individual vs. Collective Good: Contrast choices made for personal benefit vs. societal benefit.
  • Ethical and Moral Considerations: Discuss the importance of ethics and morals in decision making.
  • Role of Education and Awareness: Highlight how education shapes our ability to make informed choices.

Conclusion

• Summarize Key Points: Concisely restate your main arguments or insights.
• Quote or Phrase: End with a powerful quote or phrase that encapsulates the essay's essence.
• Call to Action or Reflection: Leave the reader with something to ponder or a call to action.

Sample Essay

The following essay serves as a sample for the given topic. Students can add their own ideas and points as well.

"Choice is not a matter of right, but of responsibility."

In an era proliferated with options, the phrase "Just because you have a choice, it does not mean that any of them has to be right" resonates profoundly. This essay delves into the multifaceted nature of choices, their societal implications, and the responsibility they entail, especially in the context of Indian society.

The Diversity and Complexity of Choices

We live in times where choices are abundant. From career paths to lifestyle decisions, the spectrum is vast. However, the abundance of choice doesn't always equate to correctness. The right choice for one may not be suitable for another, highlighting the subjectivity of choices. For instance, choosing a career path is often influenced by societal norms, family expectations, or personal passion, each holding its own set of justifications.

Impact on Society

In Indian society, where tradition and modernity coexist, choices often become a battleground of conflicting ideologies. A pertinent example is the evolving role of women. Choosing to prioritize career over family, or vice versa, each holds different implications and judgments in various societal segments. Similarly, in the political arena, decisions made by leaders often illustrate the dilemma between choices that are popular versus those that are prudent. The recent farm laws repeal in India is an example, highlighting how choices are navigated in the complex landscape of public opinion and long-term national interest.

Global Context and Current Affairs

Globally, choices made by nations on issues like climate change or trade policies reflect the intricate balance between national interest and global welfare. The ongoing debates and negotiations under the Paris Agreement exemplify how choices are not inherently right or wrong but are shaped by a multitude of factors including economic, environmental, and geopolitical considerations.

Individual vs. Collective Good

Personal choices often conflict with what is considered good for society. The COVID-19 pandemic is a striking example. Decisions to follow health guidelines, though inconvenient for individuals, proved crucial for public health. This scenario underscored the significance of choices that transcend personal preference for the collective good.

Ethical and Moral Considerations

Ethics and morality play pivotal roles in shaping choices. The Indian judiciary's decisions, such as the decriminalization of Section 377, reflect evolving ethical standards in society. Such choices, though controversial, underscore the dynamic nature of what is deemed 'right'.

Role of Education and Awareness

Education and awareness are key in navigating this maze of choices. An informed society is better equipped to make choices that are not just right for the individual, but also for the larger community. The increasing awareness about environmental conservation in India, leading to choices like banning single-use plastics, is a testament to this.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the adage "Just because you have a choice, it does not mean that any of them has to be right" encapsulates the essence of our times. It's a reminder of the weight that choices carry and the responsibility they entail. As philosopher Albert Camus rightly said, "Life is a sum of all your choices." In the tapestry of life, each choice weaves a thread – not always right or wrong, but always consequential. Let us choose not just with our minds, but with our conscience, understanding the ripples our choices create in the fabric of society.