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Eureka - Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology Video Lecture | Science & Technology for UPSC CSE

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1. What is genetic engineering and biotechnology?
Ans. Genetic engineering is the process of manipulating an organism's genes or introducing foreign genes into an organism to create new traits or characteristics. Biotechnology, on the other hand, is the application of biological and technological principles to develop products or processes that can improve human lives. It often involves the use of genetic engineering techniques to modify organisms for various purposes.
2. What are the potential benefits of genetic engineering and biotechnology?
Ans. Genetic engineering and biotechnology have the potential to offer numerous benefits. They can help in the development of improved crops with increased yield, resistance to pests, and enhanced nutritional content. They also play a crucial role in the production of medicines, such as insulin and vaccines. Additionally, genetic engineering can contribute to environmental conservation by developing organisms that can degrade pollutants or reduce the use of harmful chemicals in agriculture.
3. Are there any ethical concerns associated with genetic engineering and biotechnology?
Ans. Yes, there are ethical concerns associated with genetic engineering and biotechnology. Some argue that altering the genetic makeup of organisms can lead to unforeseen consequences and harm biodiversity. Additionally, there are concerns about the potential misuse of genetic engineering, such as the creation of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) that could have unintended negative impacts on ecosystems. Furthermore, there are ethical considerations regarding the ownership and patenting of genetically modified products.
4. How are genetic engineering and biotechnology used in medicine?
Ans. Genetic engineering and biotechnology are extensively used in medicine. They play a vital role in the production of pharmaceuticals, including insulin, growth hormones, and vaccines. Genetic engineering techniques are used to insert specific genes into host organisms, such as bacteria, which can then produce these medically important substances. Biotechnology also enables the development of gene therapies and personalized medicine, where genetic information is used to tailor treatments to an individual's unique genetic makeup.
5. What are the potential risks associated with genetic engineering and biotechnology?
Ans. While genetic engineering and biotechnology offer significant benefits, they also come with potential risks. There is a concern that genetically modified organisms (GMOs) could have unintended environmental impacts, such as cross-breeding with wild relatives or disrupting natural ecosystems. Additionally, there is a risk of unintended health effects on humans or animals consuming genetically modified products. It is important to conduct thorough safety assessments and regulatory oversight to mitigate these risks and ensure responsible use of genetic engineering and biotechnology.
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