True or False: According to Herbert Simon, the 'Economic Man' is a decision-maker who operates under constraints of limited information.

False; the 'Economic Man' is assumed to be fully rational.

Fill in the blank: Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs includes physiological, safety, social, esteem, and ___ needs.

Self-actualization

What is the primary difference between programmed and non-programmed decisions?

Programmed decisions are routine and repetitive, while non-programmed decisions are novel and unstructured.

True or False: Theory X assumes that employees are self-motivated and thrive in a participative environment.

False; Theory X assumes employees are lazy and need control.

Fill in the blank: Leadership styles that involve minimal interference are known as ___ leadership.

Laissez-Faire

What is the significance of communication in public administration?

Effective communication ensures clarity, coordination, and conflict resolution within organizations.

True or False: Groupthink refers to the tendency of cohesive groups to encourage dissent and diverse opinions.

False; groupthink suppresses dissent and can lead to poor decision-making.

What does the term 'bounded rationality' refer to in decision-making?

Bounded rationality refers to the limitations in information, time, and cognitive capacity that affect decision-makers.

What are the implications of Douglas McGregor’s Theory Y in modern administration?

Theory Y aligns with modern democratic practices, assuming that employees are self-motivated and creative.

True or False: Emotional Intelligence is not considered important for modern administrators.

False; emotional intelligence is crucial for managing teams and stakeholders effectively.

What role does motivation play in public administration according to Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory?

Motivators drive job satisfaction while hygiene factors prevent dissatisfaction, guiding administrators in designing effective reward systems.

What are the challenges faced in public administration regarding bureaucratic rigidity?

Challenges include balancing the need for flexibility with the structured nature of bureaucracy and managing diverse stakeholders.

True or False: Group cohesion always leads to better decision-making outcomes in organizations.

False; while group cohesion can improve teamwork, it may also lead to groupthink and poor decisions.

Fill in the blank: The primary focus of New Public Management (NPM) is on efficiency and ___-based motivation.

Performance

What is the importance of understanding group dynamics in public organizations?

Understanding group dynamics helps manage conflicts and fosters collaboration among diverse groups like bureaucrats, politicians, and citizens.