True or False: The modern era of biotechnology began with the invention of PCR techniques.

False. The modern era of biotechnology began with the discovery of the DNA structure.

Genetic engineering involves altering an organism's DNA using ___ technologies.

Laboratory-based

What does PCR stand for and what is its primary use?

Polymerase Chain Reaction; it is primarily used to replicate DNA in vitro.

What is the role of the National Centre for Microbial Resource (NCMR)?

To conserve India's microbial diversity and explore its biotechnological potential.

True or False: Industrial biotechnology primarily focuses on the development of new pharmaceuticals.

False. Industrial biotechnology focuses on using enzymes and microorganisms to create products useful in various industries.

What is the core principle of the Biotech KISAN initiative?

To connect science laboratories and farmers to develop innovative agricultural solutions.

True or False: Therapeutic proteins are naturally occurring human proteins without any genetic modifications.

False. Therapeutic proteins are genetically engineered versions of naturally occurring human proteins.

What is the primary purpose of gene therapy?

To treat, prevent, or cure an illness by replacing defective or missing genes.

What are biopesticides and why are they significant in biotechnology?

Biopesticides are biological agents used to control pests; they are significant for sustainable agriculture and reducing chemical pesticide use.

True or False: Bioinformatics exclusively focuses on the storage of biological data.

False. Bioinformatics involves acquisition, storage, analysis, and transmission of biological data.

What is the significance of recombinant DNA technology?

It allows for the insertion of genes of interest into vectors for cloning and expression in host organisms.

What are the main applications of agricultural biotechnology?

To produce genetically modified crops and improve agricultural efficiency and sustainability.

True or False: The Atal Jai Anusandhan Biotech Mission focuses solely on cancer research.

False. It addresses various health challenges including maternal and child health, antimicrobial resistance, and food and nutrition.

What is the purpose of the National Biopharma Mission?

To accelerate biopharmaceutical development through collaboration between industry and academia.

True or False: Ethical concerns in biotechnology are limited to the ownership of biomaterials.

False. Ethical concerns also include the potential societal impacts and unforeseen consequences of biotechnological advancements.

What role does bioinformatics play in drug discovery?

It helps analyze complex biological data to identify potential drug targets and streamline the drug development process.