What is the primary reason for the formation of coalition governments in political systems?

Coalition governments form for majority.

• Lack of single party majority.

• Encourages political collaboration.

• Ensures governance and stability.

Coalition politics is characterized by ___ and ___ in governance.

Common governance and joint governance

True or False: Coalition governments are more likely to push bold decisions due to their majority status.

False; coalition governments often struggle to push bold decisions due to the lack of a clear majority and the need to accommodate diverse interests.

What role does pragmatism play in coalition politics?

Pragmatism is vital in coalition politics.

• Encourages practical solutions.

• Promotes compromise among parties.

• Facilitates flexible governance styles.

Fill in the blank: The first formal coalition government in independent India was formed by the ___ Party.

Janta

List two merits of coalition governments.

Coalition governments promote consensus-based politics and better reflect the diverse opinions of the electorate.

True or False: The presence of splinter groups in coalition politics strengthens the coherence of government policy.

False; the presence of splinter groups can lead to a lack of coherence in government policy due to contrasting ideologies coming together.

What historical context led to the rise of coalition governments in India?

Fragmentation led to coalitions.

• Political parties fragmented.

• Congress split in 1969.

• Alliances formed for stability.

Fill in the blank: Coalition governments help to rule out the possibility of ___ by promoting consensus.

Majoritarianism

What is a significant disadvantage of coalition governance regarding decision-making?

Coalition governance slows decision-making.

• Negotiation-based processes delay actions.

• Informal discussions complicate clarity.

• Consensus needed can hinder quick choices.

Fill in the blank: The concept of ___ is based on the distribution of power among coalition partners.

Joint governance

True or False: Coalition governments are inherently unstable and prone to rapid changes in leadership.

True

Coalition governments can be unstable.

• Require constant negotiations.

• Diverse parties may conflict.

• Leadership changes can occur.

What impact does coalition politics have on the efficiency of government?

Coalition politics can slow government efficiency.

• Involves multiple parties negotiating.

• Compromises can delay decisions.

• Leads to potential policy instability.

Fill in the blank: The growth of ___ parties has contributed to the rise of coalition politics in India.

Regional

Describe one way in which coalition governance can lead to more democratic outcomes.

Coalition governance enhances democracy.

• Inclusion of diverse perspectives.

• Balances power among parties.

• Fosters compromise and dialogue.

Fill in the blank: The loss of trust in political parties often leads to the formation of ___ governments.

Coalition

Coalition politics in India has grown due to the assertion of ___ and ___ identities.

Regional and caste identities.