Fill in the blank: Water having DO content below ___ mg/L is considered to be highly polluted.

4.0

True or False: Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are primarily emitted from vehicle exhaust.

False
 CFCs are mainly released from air-conditioning systems and refrigeration.

Explain the difference between biodegradable and non-biodegradable pollutants.

• Biodegradable:
  Decomposed by microorganisms.
  Example: Sewage, food waste.

• Non-Biodegradable:
  Cannot be broken down naturally.
  Example: Plastics, synthetic materials.

What is the primary effect of carbon monoxide on human health?

Carbon monoxide lowers the amount of oxygen that enters the blood, which can slow reflexes and cause confusion and sleepiness.

Fill in the blank: Acid rain is formed by the interaction of sulfur and nitrogen oxides with ___ moisture.

Atmospheric

True or False: The pH scale ranges from 0 to 20, with lower values indicating acidity.

False. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14.

What are the major sources of nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere?

Nitrogen oxides are primarily produced from burning fuels, including petrol, diesel, and coal.

Fill in the blank: The term 'smog' is a combination of ___ and ___.

Smoke and fog

What is the purpose of the National Air Quality Monitoring Programme (NAMP) in India?

NAMP monitors air quality trends.

• Tracks ambient air quality.

• Ensures compliance with standards.

• Identifies non-attainment cities.

Give one example of a chronic health condition linked to air pollution.

Lung cancer is a chronic health condition linked to exposure to pollutants like diesel emissions.

Fill in the blank: The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 empowers the Central Government to prevent and control ___ .

Pollution

True or False: Lead exposure has no significant health effects on children.

False. Lead exposure can cause nervous system damage and digestive problems in children.

How does acid rain affect soil health?

Acid rain leaches nutrients from the soil, leading to infertility and decreased respiration of soil organisms.

Fill in the blank: E-waste is considered hazardous when recycled by ___ methods.

Primitive

What is the primary cause of thermal pollution in aquatic environments?

Thermal pollution is primarily caused by the discharge of heated water from industrial processes into water bodies.

Explain how light pollution disrupts ecosystems.

Light pollution disrupts ecosystems.

• Affects nocturnal animal behavior.

• Interferes with hunting patterns.

• Impacts reproduction and survival.

Fill in the blank: The Ministry of Environment and Forests has mandated the use of Fly Ash in construction projects within ___ kms radius of Thermal Power Stations.

100

What is bioremediation, and how does it function?

Bioremediation uses microorganisms for cleanup.

• Microbes break down toxins.

• Effective in soil and water.

• Helps restore ecosystems.

What are the two main types of pollutants based on their persistence in the environment?

Pollutants have two main types.

• Primary pollutants are emitted directly from sources.

• Secondary pollutants form via reactions.

• Both impact environmental health significantly.