Flashcards for JEE Chemistry - Hydrocarbons Class 11

 Page 1


Hydrocarbons
Flash cards
Page 2


Hydrocarbons
Flash cards
General Introduction (Continued)
These are the hydrocarbons in which Carbon - Carbon contains 
single bond. (Saturated hydrocarbon).
These are also called as ‘Paraffins’ (Parum + Affinis i.e. less 
reactive).
In alkane if chiral carbon or unsymmetrical carbon is present, 
then it shows optical isomerism.
General reagents such as dil. and conc. HCl, dil. and conc. 
H
2
SO
4
, dil. and conc. HNO
3
, acidic and basic KMnO
4
and 
K
2
Cr
2
O
7
usually does not react with alkane.
General formula is C
n
H
2n+2
.(n = 1, 2, 3, 4..............)
Hybridisation state of carbon is sp
3
.
Geometry of carbon is tetrahedral.
Bond angle is 109º28’.
Page 3


Hydrocarbons
Flash cards
General Introduction (Continued)
These are the hydrocarbons in which Carbon - Carbon contains 
single bond. (Saturated hydrocarbon).
These are also called as ‘Paraffins’ (Parum + Affinis i.e. less 
reactive).
In alkane if chiral carbon or unsymmetrical carbon is present, 
then it shows optical isomerism.
General reagents such as dil. and conc. HCl, dil. and conc. 
H
2
SO
4
, dil. and conc. HNO
3
, acidic and basic KMnO
4
and 
K
2
Cr
2
O
7
usually does not react with alkane.
General formula is C
n
H
2n+2
.(n = 1, 2, 3, 4..............)
Hybridisation state of carbon is sp
3
.
Geometry of carbon is tetrahedral.
Bond angle is 109º28’.
General Instruction (Continued)
• Number of bond angle in methane are six, while in ethane 
are twelve.
• C–C bond length is 1.54 Å while C–H bond length is 1.12 Å.
• C–C bond energy is 84 kcal/ mole while C–H bond energy is 
98 kcal /mole.
• Alkane shows only chain, position isomerism.
Page 4


Hydrocarbons
Flash cards
General Introduction (Continued)
These are the hydrocarbons in which Carbon - Carbon contains 
single bond. (Saturated hydrocarbon).
These are also called as ‘Paraffins’ (Parum + Affinis i.e. less 
reactive).
In alkane if chiral carbon or unsymmetrical carbon is present, 
then it shows optical isomerism.
General reagents such as dil. and conc. HCl, dil. and conc. 
H
2
SO
4
, dil. and conc. HNO
3
, acidic and basic KMnO
4
and 
K
2
Cr
2
O
7
usually does not react with alkane.
General formula is C
n
H
2n+2
.(n = 1, 2, 3, 4..............)
Hybridisation state of carbon is sp
3
.
Geometry of carbon is tetrahedral.
Bond angle is 109º28’.
General Instruction (Continued)
• Number of bond angle in methane are six, while in ethane 
are twelve.
• C–C bond length is 1.54 Å while C–H bond length is 1.12 Å.
• C–C bond energy is 84 kcal/ mole while C–H bond energy is 
98 kcal /mole.
• Alkane shows only chain, position isomerism.
General Introduction (Continued)
First three members methane, ethane and propane does not 
exhibit any isomerism, while butane and pentane shows 
only chain isomerism.
Page 5


Hydrocarbons
Flash cards
General Introduction (Continued)
These are the hydrocarbons in which Carbon - Carbon contains 
single bond. (Saturated hydrocarbon).
These are also called as ‘Paraffins’ (Parum + Affinis i.e. less 
reactive).
In alkane if chiral carbon or unsymmetrical carbon is present, 
then it shows optical isomerism.
General reagents such as dil. and conc. HCl, dil. and conc. 
H
2
SO
4
, dil. and conc. HNO
3
, acidic and basic KMnO
4
and 
K
2
Cr
2
O
7
usually does not react with alkane.
General formula is C
n
H
2n+2
.(n = 1, 2, 3, 4..............)
Hybridisation state of carbon is sp
3
.
Geometry of carbon is tetrahedral.
Bond angle is 109º28’.
General Instruction (Continued)
• Number of bond angle in methane are six, while in ethane 
are twelve.
• C–C bond length is 1.54 Å while C–H bond length is 1.12 Å.
• C–C bond energy is 84 kcal/ mole while C–H bond energy is 
98 kcal /mole.
• Alkane shows only chain, position isomerism.
General Introduction (Continued)
First three members methane, ethane and propane does not 
exhibit any isomerism, while butane and pentane shows 
only chain isomerism.
General Instruction (Continued)