Rensis Likert developed the ___ Scale, which is used to gauge people's attitudes and beliefs.

Likert

True or False: Likert's work focused primarily on organizational structure and efficiency.

False. Likert's work focused on people and their interactions within organizations.

What was one of Rensis Likert's significant contributions to management theory?

The development of the Likert Scale for measuring attitudes and beliefs.

Participative Management Theory emphasizes the importance of ___ in organizational success.

Individuals and their interactions

The bureaucratic model of management primarily emphasizes ___ and ___ but often neglects the social and psychological needs of workers.

Efficiency and control

True or False: The Hawthorne studies concluded that monetary benefits were the sole motivators for improved worker performance.

False; the studies showed that social relationships and group norms also significantly influenced worker performance.

What is the main focus of the socio-technical approach in work design?

It emphasizes the alignment of technical requirements with social needs in the workplace.

Frederick Herzberg's theories on job enrichment are aimed at increasing workers' ___ and ___ in their work.

Productivity and sense of ownership

Fill in the blank: The shift from mechanistic and bureaucratic models to a more humanistic approach in management was influenced by new thinkers and the ___ studies.

Hawthorne

True or False: Rensis Likert's participative leadership model promotes a hierarchical approach to management.

False; it advocates for involving employees in decision-making processes and recognizing their contributions.

What paradigm shift occurred in managerial thinking during the late 1950s and early 1960s?

A shift towards considering the interplay between technical requirements, social needs, and human behaviour in work design.

The effectiveness of the interaction-influence system determines an organization's ability to optimize the skills and resources of ___ and ___ within the organization.

Individuals and work groups

True or False: The environment in which an organization operates has no significant impact on its day-to-day functioning.

False. The environment significantly impacts day-to-day functioning.

Fill in the blank: Influential thinkers have emphasized the significance of ___, organizational leadership, group dynamics, motivation, and job satisfaction.

Individual roles

What concept introduced by Likert emphasizes the dynamic interaction between employees, their environment, and fellow members within an organization?

The interaction-influence system

High employee commitment leads to ___ compared to mere compliance with rules.

Greater productivity

True or False: Experience-driven decision making relies solely on established rules.

False. Experience-driven decision making incorporates the individual experiences of team members.