Photosynthesis in plants primarily occurs in ___ and involves the transformation of ___ into chemical energy.

Green leaves; light energy

Fill in the blank: The first stable product formed during the Calvin cycle is ___ which has ___ carbon atoms.

3-phosphoglyceric acid; 3

True or False: All organisms depend on autotrophs for their energy needs.

True

Riddle: I am a process that uses sunlight to turn carbon dioxide into food, but I also release oxygen. What am I?

Photosynthesis

Which pigment is primarily responsible for absorbing light energy in photosynthesis?

Chlorophyll

C₄ plants have a unique leaf anatomy known as ___ anatomy, which helps in better CO₂ fixation.

Kranz

Explain the role of RuBisCO in the Calvin cycle.

RuBisCO catalyzes the reaction where CO₂ combines with ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) to form 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PGA), initiating the Calvin cycle.

What are the two main products of the light reactions in photosynthesis?

ATP and NADPH

Fill in the blank: The light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis take place in the ___ of the chloroplast.

Thylakoid membranes

True or False: The first product of CO₂ fixation in C₄ plants is a 3-carbon compound.

False; it is a 4-carbon compound.

What is the main difference between cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation?

Cyclic photophosphorylation only produces ATP, while non-cyclic produces both ATP and NADPH.

Riddle: I am the process that occurs when O₂ is used instead of CO₂, resulting in no sugar production. What am I?

Photorespiration

In which part of the chloroplast does the Calvin cycle occur?

Stroma

Fill in the blank: The enzyme ___ is responsible for the fixation of CO₂ in the Calvin cycle.

RuBisCO

Fill in the blank: The process of photosynthesis can be summarized by the equation ___ + ___ → C₆H₁₂O₆ + O₂.

6CO₂ + 6H₂O