What is the primary difference between transverse and longitudinal waves?

In transverse waves, the oscillations of the medium are perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation, while in longitudinal waves, the oscillations occur parallel to the direction of wave propagation.

The speed of a wave in a medium is determined by its ___ and ___ properties.

Elastic and inertial

True or False: Electromagnetic waves require a medium for propagation.

False. Electromagnetic waves can propagate through a vacuum.

The principle of superposition states that the net displacement of overlapping waves is the ___ of their individual displacements.

Algebraic sum

What is the relationship between the wavelength (λ), frequency (v), and speed (c) of a wave?

C = λv

Fill in the blank: Waves that do not require a medium for propagation are called ___ waves.

Electromagnetic

Riddle: I am a wave that travels from one end of a stretched string to another, but no part of the string moves in that direction. What am I?

A transverse wave

What happens to a wave when it reflects off a rigid boundary?

It undergoes a phase change of π (180 degrees) upon reflection.

The displacement relation for a sinusoidal wave traveling along a string is given by ___ where y is the displacement, k is the wave number, and ω is the angular frequency.

Y(x, t) = a sin(kx - ωt + φ)

If the speed of sound in a medium is given by v = √(B/ρ), what do B and ρ represent?

B represents the bulk modulus of the medium, and ρ represents the mass density of the medium.

True or False: Standing waves can only form in a medium when there are two boundaries.

True. Standing waves require reflections at boundaries to form.

What defines the amplitude of a wave?

The amplitude is the maximum displacement of the medium from its equilibrium position.

According to the principle of superposition, if two waves overlap in a medium, they will interfere ___.

Constructively or destructively, depending on their phase relationship.

Fill in the blank: In a longitudinal wave, regions of high pressure are known as ___ and regions of low pressure are known as ___ .

Compressions; rarefactions