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FAQs on Fundamentalism, Communalism and Secularism - Sociology Optional for UPSC (Notes)

1. What is the difference between fundamentalism and communalism?
Ans.Fundamentalism refers to a strict adherence to specific theological doctrines, often in reaction to modernity, while communalism generally refers to a political ideology that emphasizes the interests of a particular community, often at the expense of others. Fundamentalism can exist within any religion, whereas communalism typically manifests in the context of ethnic or religious identity politics.
2. How does secularism promote social harmony in diverse societies?
Ans.Secularism promotes social harmony by ensuring that the state remains neutral in matters of religion, allowing individuals of different faiths or beliefs to coexist peacefully. It prevents any single religion from dominating public life, thereby fostering an environment of mutual respect and understanding among diverse communities.
3. What are the implications of communalism on national integrity?
Ans.Communalism can threaten national integrity by fostering divisions among different religious or ethnic groups. It can lead to conflict, social unrest, and a breakdown of trust among communities, undermining the sense of unity and collective identity essential for a stable nation.
4. Can fundamentalism be a response to globalization?
Ans.Yes, fundamentalism can be viewed as a response to globalization, as some individuals and groups may feel threatened by the rapid changes in culture, values, and economic structures. In this context, fundamentalism serves as a means to reclaim traditional beliefs and practices in the face of perceived external influences.
5. What role does education play in combating communalism?
Ans.Education plays a crucial role in combating communalism by promoting critical thinking, tolerance, and understanding among different communities. It can help dispel myths and stereotypes, foster dialogue, and encourage acceptance of diversity, thereby reducing the likelihood of communal tensions and conflicts.
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