GS1 PYQ (Mains Answer Writing): India & Arctic Region | Geography for UPSC CSE PDF Download

Why is India taking keen interest in the Arctic region? (UPSC GS1 Mains)

Although India may be far from the Arctic region physically, yet the impact of melting of the Arctic ice on the global climate is likely to be significant. India also understands the geo-strategic importance of the Arctic region. 

Importance of arctic region for India: 

• To study monsoon pattern: To study the hypothesized tele-connections between the Arctic climate and the Indian monsoon by analyzing the sediment and ice core records from the Arctic glaciers and the Arctic Ocean. 
• To characterize sea ice in Arctic using satellite data to estimate the effect of global warming in the northern polar region. 
• To conduct research on the dynamics and mass budget of Arctic glaciers focusing on the effect of glaciers on sea-level change. 
• To carry out a comprehensive assessment of the flora and fauna of the Artic vis-à-vis their response to anthropogenic activities. In addition, it is proposed to undertake a comparative study of the life forms from both the Polar Regions. 
• For exploration of hydrocarbons: The opening of the sea routes and the exploration of hydrocarbons present economic opportunities which Indian companies can also exploit. 
• China’s ability to navigate the Northern Sea Route (NSR) is another factor in India’s military strategy in that region. 
• Observer role of India Arctic Council: India which has a significant expertise in this area from its association with the Antarctic Treaty System can play a constructive role in securing a stable Arctic. India in its new role as a permanent observer in the Arctic Council is committed to contribute to the deliberations of the council to develop effective cooperative partnerships that can contribute to a safe, stable and secure Arctic. 
• India cannot remain immune from the developments in the region even though the area is remote and far away. India has a long tradition of polar research. It maintains a permanent research station in Svalbard. On the negative side, the enhancement of economic activity in the Arctic Region will accelerate global warming and lead to large sea level rise impacting the global climate to which India cannot remain indifferent.

Topics covered - Arctic Ocean Region, India-Arctic Relations