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GS1 PYQ (Mains Answer Writing): Non Cooperation & Civil Disobedience | History for UPSC CSE PDF Download
Q1: Bring out the constructive programmes of Mahatma Gandhi during Non-Cooperation Movement and Civil Disobedience Movement. (UPSC GS1 Mains)
Answer:
Constructive Program (CP) is a term coined by Mahatma Gandhi to describe one of the two branches of his satyagraha, the other being some form on nonviolence resistance, e.g. civil disobedience, sometimes recognized the value of constructive program.
Constructive programmes during Non-Cooperation Movement:
- Hindu-Muslim unity
- Removal of untouchability
- Educational institutions were organised
- justice dispensed through panchayats
- Legislative councils were boycotted.
- Practice of hand-spinning
- Picketing of shops selling foreign liquor
Constructive programmes during Civil Disobedience Movement:
- Total removal of the taint of untouchability in law as well as in practice
- Khadi as a symbol of nationalism, economic freedom, equality and self-reliance.
- Women to play a leading part in the movement
- Tribals, peasants and workers were actively made participants in movements.
The document GS1 PYQ (Mains Answer Writing): Non Cooperation & Civil Disobedience | History for UPSC CSE is a part of the UPSC Course History for UPSC CSE.
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FAQs on GS1 PYQ (Mains Answer Writing): Non Cooperation & Civil Disobedience - History for UPSC CSE
| 1. What were the main objectives of the Non-Cooperation Movement? |  |
Ans. The Non-Cooperation Movement, launched in 1920, aimed to resist British rule in India through non-violent means. Its main objectives included promoting swadeshi (indigenous goods), boycotting British institutions, and encouraging self-governance. The movement sought to unite Indians across different classes and communities to achieve political independence.
| 2. How did the Civil Disobedience Movement differ from the Non-Cooperation Movement? | |
Ans. While the Non-Cooperation Movement focused on withdrawing cooperation from the British government and promoting self-reliance, the Civil Disobedience Movement, initiated in 1930, involved actively defying British laws and regulations. This included the Salt March led by Mahatma Gandhi, where participants broke the salt laws. The Civil Disobedience Movement was more confrontational compared to the earlier Non-Cooperation Movement.
| 3. What were the key events during the Non-Cooperation and Civil Disobedience Movements? | |
Ans. Key events included the launch of the Non-Cooperation Movement in 1920, the Chauri Chaura incident in 1922 which led to its suspension, and the Salt March in 1930 during the Civil Disobedience Movement. Other significant events included the round table conferences and various protests against salt laws and other oppressive measures imposed by the British.
| 4. What role did Mahatma Gandhi play in these movements? | |
Ans. Mahatma Gandhi was the principal leader of both the Non-Cooperation and Civil Disobedience Movements. He emphasized non-violence and mass mobilization, inspiring millions to participate in the struggle against British rule. Gandhi’s philosophy of satyagraha (truth-force) and his ability to connect with the common people were crucial in sustaining these movements.
| 5. What impact did the Non-Cooperation and Civil Disobedience Movements have on India's freedom struggle? | |
Ans. Both movements significantly mobilized Indian society against colonial rule and fostered a sense of nationalism. They exposed the repressive nature of British policies and united diverse groups in India. These movements laid the groundwork for subsequent struggles for independence and influenced future leaders and political strategies in the fight for freedom.
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