GS1 PYQ (Mains Answer Writing): The Mauryan Empire | History for UPSC CSE PDF Download

Q1. Examine the significance of pillars in Mauryan architecture. (GS 1 UPSC Mains)

Answer:

Introduction:

Pillar construction has been a longstanding tradition, with examples dating back to ancient empires such as the Achaemenid. However, Mauryan pillars distinguish themselves from their Achaemenian counterparts in several significant ways.

Body:

• Construction Technique:
  • Mauryan pillars are rock-cut, highlighting the expertise of the carvers. In contrast, Achaemenian pillars are assembled from individual pieces by masons.
• Capital Figures:
  • The top of Mauryan pillars features intricate carvings of figures such as bulls, lions, and elephants, standing on square or circular abacuses adorned with stylized lotuses.
  • Notably, the Lion Capital of Sarnath, a prime example, depicts a lion on a circular abacus, flanked by a horse, bull, lion, and elephant, representing the Buddha's first sermon. This emblematic pillar symbolizes significant historical events with precision and mastery in sculptural techniques.
• Technical Skills and Material:
  • Mauryan stone pillars exhibit remarkable polishing skills, resembling Northern Black Polished Ware. Each pillar is crafted from a single piece of sandstone, showcasing exceptional craftsmanship.
  • The widespread presence of these pillars throughout the Mauryan empire suggests the dissemination of artistic knowledge across vast regions.
• Connection to Buddhist Philosophy:
  • Ashoka, a Mauryan emperor, utilized these pillars to inscribe his messages of Dhamma, spreading Buddhist teachings among the populace.

Conclusion:
In essence, Mauryan Pillars epitomize remarkable artistic achievements and practical utility in governance. Through their construction, intricate carvings, technical precision, and philosophical significance, these pillars stand as enduring symbols of the Mauryan Empire's cultural and administrative prowess.