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Friction
Contents
1 FrictionasPartofContactForce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.1 Example 6.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.2 Extra Example 6.1.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2 KineticFriction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.1 Example 6.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.2 Extra Example 6.2.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3 StaticFriction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.1 Example 6.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.2 Extra Example 6.3.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4 LawsofFriction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
5 WhyFrictionHappens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
6 MeasuringFrictionintheLab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
6.1 Horizontal Table Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
6.2 Inclined Table Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
6.3 Example 6.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
6.4 Extra Example 6.4.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
7 RollingFriction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
8 WorkedOutExamples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
8.1 Example 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
8.2 Example 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
8.3 Example 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
8.4 Example 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
8.5 Example 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
8.6 Example 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
8.7 Example 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
8.8 Example 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
8.9 Example 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
8.10 Example 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.11 Extra Example 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Page 2


Friction
Contents
1 FrictionasPartofContactForce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.1 Example 6.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.2 Extra Example 6.1.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2 KineticFriction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.1 Example 6.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.2 Extra Example 6.2.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3 StaticFriction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.1 Example 6.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.2 Extra Example 6.3.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4 LawsofFriction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
5 WhyFrictionHappens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
6 MeasuringFrictionintheLab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
6.1 Horizontal Table Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
6.2 Inclined Table Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
6.3 Example 6.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
6.4 Extra Example 6.4.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
7 RollingFriction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
8 WorkedOutExamples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
8.1 Example 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
8.2 Example 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
8.3 Example 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
8.4 Example 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
8.5 Example 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
8.6 Example 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
8.7 Example 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
8.8 Example 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
8.9 Example 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
8.10 Example 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.11 Extra Example 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1 FrictionasPartofContactForce
When two objects touch each other, tiny electric forces act between their surfaces
because of charged particles, like electrons and protons. These forces create a push
or pull called the contact force. The contact forces between two objects are equal in
size but point in opposite directions, following Newtons third law (if A pushes B, B
pushes A back just as hard).
This contact force isnt always straight up or down from the surface. It can be split
into two parts: the normal force, which is perpendicular to the surface and stops
objects from sinking into each other, and friction, which is parallel to the surface and
resists sliding. Imagine a book on a table: the table pushes up to balance the books
weight(normalforce)andsidewaystostopitfromsliding(friction). Figure 6.1shows
this split, with the contact force
?
F having a normal part
?
N and a friction part
?
f.
Friction can happen between solids (like a box on a ?oor), a solid and a liquid (like a
boat in water), or even two liquids. This chapter focuses on friction between solids.
Page 3


Friction
Contents
1 FrictionasPartofContactForce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.1 Example 6.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.2 Extra Example 6.1.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2 KineticFriction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.1 Example 6.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.2 Extra Example 6.2.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3 StaticFriction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.1 Example 6.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.2 Extra Example 6.3.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4 LawsofFriction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
5 WhyFrictionHappens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
6 MeasuringFrictionintheLab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
6.1 Horizontal Table Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
6.2 Inclined Table Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
6.3 Example 6.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
6.4 Extra Example 6.4.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
7 RollingFriction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
8 WorkedOutExamples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
8.1 Example 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
8.2 Example 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
8.3 Example 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
8.4 Example 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
8.5 Example 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
8.6 Example 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
8.7 Example 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
8.8 Example 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
8.9 Example 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
8.10 Example 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.11 Extra Example 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1 FrictionasPartofContactForce
When two objects touch each other, tiny electric forces act between their surfaces
because of charged particles, like electrons and protons. These forces create a push
or pull called the contact force. The contact forces between two objects are equal in
size but point in opposite directions, following Newtons third law (if A pushes B, B
pushes A back just as hard).
This contact force isnt always straight up or down from the surface. It can be split
into two parts: the normal force, which is perpendicular to the surface and stops
objects from sinking into each other, and friction, which is parallel to the surface and
resists sliding. Imagine a book on a table: the table pushes up to balance the books
weight(normalforce)andsidewaystostopitfromsliding(friction). Figure 6.1shows
this split, with the contact force
?
F having a normal part
?
N and a friction part
?
f.
Friction can happen between solids (like a box on a ?oor), a solid and a liquid (like a
boat in water), or even two liquids. This chapter focuses on friction between solids.
Page 4


Friction
Contents
1 FrictionasPartofContactForce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.1 Example 6.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.2 Extra Example 6.1.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2 KineticFriction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.1 Example 6.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.2 Extra Example 6.2.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3 StaticFriction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.1 Example 6.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.2 Extra Example 6.3.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4 LawsofFriction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
5 WhyFrictionHappens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
6 MeasuringFrictionintheLab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
6.1 Horizontal Table Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
6.2 Inclined Table Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
6.3 Example 6.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
6.4 Extra Example 6.4.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
7 RollingFriction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
8 WorkedOutExamples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
8.1 Example 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
8.2 Example 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
8.3 Example 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
8.4 Example 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
8.5 Example 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
8.6 Example 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
8.7 Example 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
8.8 Example 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
8.9 Example 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
8.10 Example 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.11 Extra Example 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1 FrictionasPartofContactForce
When two objects touch each other, tiny electric forces act between their surfaces
because of charged particles, like electrons and protons. These forces create a push
or pull called the contact force. The contact forces between two objects are equal in
size but point in opposite directions, following Newtons third law (if A pushes B, B
pushes A back just as hard).
This contact force isnt always straight up or down from the surface. It can be split
into two parts: the normal force, which is perpendicular to the surface and stops
objects from sinking into each other, and friction, which is parallel to the surface and
resists sliding. Imagine a book on a table: the table pushes up to balance the books
weight(normalforce)andsidewaystostopitfromsliding(friction). Figure 6.1shows
this split, with the contact force
?
F having a normal part
?
N and a friction part
?
f.
Friction can happen between solids (like a box on a ?oor), a solid and a liquid (like a
boat in water), or even two liquids. This chapter focuses on friction between solids.
2.1 Example 6.2
A 20 kg box is pulled across a ?oor. The kinetic friction coef?cient is 0.25. Find the
friction force. Use g= 9.8m/s
2
.
Solution: The normal force balances the weight:
N = 20×9.8= 196N.
Friction force:
f
k
= µ
k
N = 0.25×196= 49N,
opposite to the pull.
2.2 Extra Example 6.2.1
A 10kgsledslidesonsnowwith µ
k
= 0.1. Whatsthefrictionforce? Useg = 10m/s
2
.
Solution:
N = 10×10= 100N.
f
k
= 0.1×100= 10N.
3 StaticFriction
Static friction keeps objects from sliding when theyre touching but not moving, like
a heavy box youre pushing that stays still. It adjusts itself to match the push or pull
up to a limit, called the limiting friction:
f
max
= µ
s
N,
where µ
s
is the static friction coef?cient, usually a bit bigger than µ
k
. If you push
harder than this limit, the object starts sliding. Figure 6.7 shows a heavy cabinet
pushed left; the ?oor pushes right with static friction to keep it still. Static friction
can be any value up to f
max
to stop motion.
4
Page 5


Friction
Contents
1 FrictionasPartofContactForce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.1 Example 6.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.2 Extra Example 6.1.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2 KineticFriction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.1 Example 6.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.2 Extra Example 6.2.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3 StaticFriction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.1 Example 6.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.2 Extra Example 6.3.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4 LawsofFriction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
5 WhyFrictionHappens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
6 MeasuringFrictionintheLab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
6.1 Horizontal Table Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
6.2 Inclined Table Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
6.3 Example 6.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
6.4 Extra Example 6.4.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
7 RollingFriction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
8 WorkedOutExamples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
8.1 Example 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
8.2 Example 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
8.3 Example 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
8.4 Example 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
8.5 Example 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
8.6 Example 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
8.7 Example 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
8.8 Example 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
8.9 Example 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
8.10 Example 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.11 Extra Example 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1 FrictionasPartofContactForce
When two objects touch each other, tiny electric forces act between their surfaces
because of charged particles, like electrons and protons. These forces create a push
or pull called the contact force. The contact forces between two objects are equal in
size but point in opposite directions, following Newtons third law (if A pushes B, B
pushes A back just as hard).
This contact force isnt always straight up or down from the surface. It can be split
into two parts: the normal force, which is perpendicular to the surface and stops
objects from sinking into each other, and friction, which is parallel to the surface and
resists sliding. Imagine a book on a table: the table pushes up to balance the books
weight(normalforce)andsidewaystostopitfromsliding(friction). Figure 6.1shows
this split, with the contact force
?
F having a normal part
?
N and a friction part
?
f.
Friction can happen between solids (like a box on a ?oor), a solid and a liquid (like a
boat in water), or even two liquids. This chapter focuses on friction between solids.
2.1 Example 6.2
A 20 kg box is pulled across a ?oor. The kinetic friction coef?cient is 0.25. Find the
friction force. Use g= 9.8m/s
2
.
Solution: The normal force balances the weight:
N = 20×9.8= 196N.
Friction force:
f
k
= µ
k
N = 0.25×196= 49N,
opposite to the pull.
2.2 Extra Example 6.2.1
A 10kgsledslidesonsnowwith µ
k
= 0.1. Whatsthefrictionforce? Useg = 10m/s
2
.
Solution:
N = 10×10= 100N.
f
k
= 0.1×100= 10N.
3 StaticFriction
Static friction keeps objects from sliding when theyre touching but not moving, like
a heavy box youre pushing that stays still. It adjusts itself to match the push or pull
up to a limit, called the limiting friction:
f
max
= µ
s
N,
where µ
s
is the static friction coef?cient, usually a bit bigger than µ
k
. If you push
harder than this limit, the object starts sliding. Figure 6.7 shows a heavy cabinet
pushed left; the ?oor pushes right with static friction to keep it still. Static friction
can be any value up to f
max
to stop motion.
4
3.1 Example 6.3
A 30 kg boy sits on a horse that accelerates at 2.0 m/sš. (a) If he doesnt slide back,
whats the friction force? (b) If he slides back, whats the maximum µ
s
? Use g =
10m/s
2
.
Solution: (a) Forces on the boy: weight, normal force, and friction f
s
. If he doesnt
slide, he accelerates with the horse:
f
s
= ma = 30×2.0= 60N.
(b) If he slides, the maximum friction wasnt enough:
f
max
= µ
s
N = µ
s
×30×10= 300µ
s
N.
300µ
s
< 60 =? µ
s
<
60
300
= 0.20.
3.2 ExtraExample 6.3.1
A 15 kg crate needs a 45 N force to start sliding on a ?oor. Find µ
s
. Use g= 10m/s
2
.
Solution:
N = 15×10= 150N, f
max
= 45N.
µ
s
=
45
150
= 0.30.
4 LawsofFriction
Here are the main rules for friction:
1. Whenobjectsslide, kineticfrictionis f
k
= µ
k
N, oppositetotheslidingdirection
relative to the other object.
2. When objects dont slide, static friction is f
s
= µ
s
N, adjusting to prevent sliding.
3. Friction doesnt depend on the contact area if the normal force stays the same.
Table 6.1 shows some friction coef?cients:
Table 1: Approximate Friction Coef?cients
Material µ
s
Material µ
s
Steel and steel 0.58 Copper and copper 1.60
Steel and brass 0.35 Te?on and te?on 0.04
Glass and glass 1.00 Rubber tyre on dry concrete 1.0
Wood and wood 0.35 Rubber tyre on wet concrete 0.7
Wood and metal 0.40 Ice and ice 0.10
5

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FAQs on HC Verma Summary: Friction - Physics Class 11 - NEET

1. What is friction and why is it important in physics?

Ans.Friction is a force that opposes the relative motion or tendency of such motion of two surfaces in contact. It is important in physics because it plays a crucial role in everyday life, influencing how objects move, how vehicles stop, and how forces interact. Understanding friction is essential for solving problems related to motion and energy.

2. What are the types of friction discussed in HC Verma's work?

Ans.HC Verma discusses several types of friction, primarily static friction, kinetic friction, and rolling friction. Static friction acts on an object at rest, preventing it from starting to move. Kinetic friction occurs when an object is already in motion, while rolling friction arises when an object rolls over a surface. Each type has different coefficients, which influence their respective effects on motion.

3. How does the coefficient of friction affect motion in JEE problems?

Ans.The coefficient of friction is a dimensionless value that represents the ratio of the frictional force between two bodies to the normal force pressing them together. In JEE problems, understanding how to calculate and apply the coefficient of friction is crucial for determining the forces at play, the maximum angle of incline before slipping occurs, and the motion of objects on various surfaces.

4. What factors affect friction according to HC Verma?

Ans.According to HC Verma, several factors affect friction, including the nature of the surfaces in contact, the normal force acting on the surfaces, and any external forces applied. Surface roughness, material composition, and the presence of lubricants also significantly influence the level of friction experienced between two objects.

5. How can one calculate the frictional force in an experiment?

Ans.To calculate the frictional force in an experiment, one can use the formula: Frictional Force = Coefficient of Friction × Normal Force. By measuring the normal force acting on an object and knowing the coefficient of friction for the surfaces in contact, students can effectively determine the frictional force and analyze its impact on motion in various scenarios.

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