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Harappan Civilization
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Harappan Civilization
Early
Harappan 
Civilization
Page 3


Harappan Civilization
Early
Harappan 
Civilization
Mature
Harappan 
Civilization
Page 4


Harappan Civilization
Early
Harappan 
Civilization
Mature
Harappan 
Civilization
Late
Harappan 
Civilization
Page 5


Harappan Civilization
Early
Harappan 
Civilization
Mature
Harappan 
Civilization
Late
Harappan 
Civilization
Harappan civilization
Early Harappan phase (3500 BCE–2600 BCE)
It was marked by some town-planning in the form of mud structures, elementary trade, arts and 
crafts, etc.
Mature Harappan phase (2600 BCE–1900 BCE) 
It was the period in which we notice well developed towns with burnt brick structures, inland 
and foreign trade, crafts of various types, etc.
Late Harappan phase (1900 BCE–1400 BCE) 
It was the phase of decline during which many cities were abandoned and the trade disappeared 
leading to the gradual decay of the significant urban traits.
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FAQs on Harappan Civilization - History for UPSC 2024 (Pre & Mains)

1. What is the Harappan Civilization?
Ans. The Harappan Civilization, also known as the Indus Valley Civilization, was an ancient urban civilization that flourished in the Bronze Age along the Indus River in present-day Pakistan and northwest India. It was one of the world's earliest urban civilizations, with well-planned cities and advanced infrastructure.
2. What are the main characteristics of the Harappan Civilization?
Ans. The Harappan Civilization was characterized by its well-planned cities, sophisticated drainage and sanitation systems, advanced agriculture techniques, standardized weights and measures, and a system of writing that has not been fully deciphered yet. The civilization also had an extensive trade network, as evidenced by the discovery of artifacts from distant regions.
3. How did the Harappan Civilization decline?
Ans. The decline of the Harappan Civilization is still a subject of debate among historians and archaeologists. Some theories suggest that climate change, such as a shift in the course of the rivers or a decline in monsoon rains, may have disrupted the agricultural practices and led to a decline in the civilization. Other theories propose that invasions or internal conflicts played a role in its decline.
4. What were the major cities of the Harappan Civilization?
Ans. The major cities of the Harappan Civilization included Mohenjo-daro and Harappa, which are the most well-known sites. Other significant cities include Dholavira, Lothal, Kalibangan, and Rakhigarhi. These cities were characterized by their well-planned layouts, fortified walls, and impressive public buildings.
5. What is the significance of the Harappan Civilization?
Ans. The Harappan Civilization holds great significance as one of the earliest urban civilizations in the world. Its advanced urban planning, sophisticated drainage systems, and other technological advancements were highly advanced for its time. The civilization also had a significant impact on the cultural development of the Indian subcontinent, influencing subsequent civilizations and laying the foundation for the region's rich historical heritage.
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