Table of contents | |
Introduction | |
Units of heat | |
Total radiation pyrometer | |
Change of state | |
Latent heat |
Heat is a form of energy that is transferred between objects or systems due to a temperature difference. It is the energy in transit from a hotter object to a colder object. Heat can be transferred by three main mechanisms: conduction, convection, and radiation.
Heat is measured in terms of energy and is typically expressed in joules (J) or calories (cal). The SI unit, joule, is commonly used for scientific calculations. One calorie is defined as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius.
Scales of temperature measurement
Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance. There are three commonly used scales of temperature measurement:
Different types of thermometers are used to measure temperature over various ranges. Here are a few examples:
A total radiation pyrometer is an instrument used to measure high temperatures without physical contact. It operates based on the principle of total radiation emitted by a hot object. It consists of a lens or mirror system that focuses the radiation onto a detector, such as a thermopile. The output of the detector is then used to determine the temperature of the object being measured.
In physics, a change of state refers to the transition of a substance from one physical state to another. The three main states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas. The change of state can occur through heating or cooling, and it involves the absorption or release of heat energy.
Latent heat is the heat energy absorbed or released during a change of state without a change in temperature. It is associated with the breaking or formation of intermolecular bonds between particles. There are two types of latent heat:
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