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Life Processes
"Life Processes" refers to the essential functions that living organisms carry out to maintain their existence and sustain life. These processes are fundamental for the survival and growth of living organisms.
The main life processes taught at this level typically include the following:
- Nutrition: Nutrition is the process by which organisms obtain and utilize food for energy and growth. It involves the following sub-processes:
- Ingestion: The intake of food or organic materials.
- Digestion: The breakdown of complex food molecules into simpler, usable substances.
- Absorption: The uptake of digested nutrients by cells.
- Respiration: Respiration is the process of obtaining energy from the breakdown of nutrients, typically involving the use of oxygen (aerobic respiration) or occurring in the absence of oxygen (anaerobic respiration).
- Transportation: Transportation involves the circulation of substances (e.g., nutrients, oxygen, and waste products) within an organism's body. In animals, this is typically achieved through a circulatory system, while in plants, it occurs through vascular tissues.
- Excretion: Excretion is the removal of metabolic waste products, such as carbon dioxide and nitrogenous wastes, from the body.
- Synthesis: Living organisms carry out various biochemical reactions to produce complex molecules required for growth and maintenance, such as proteins, DNA, and other macromolecules.
- Growth and Development: All living organisms have the capacity to grow and develop. Growth involves an increase in size, while development refers to the process of maturing and becoming more complex.
- Reproduction: Reproduction is the process by which living organisms produce offspring, ensuring the continuity of their species. It can be asexual (single parent) or sexual (two parents).
- Response to Stimuli: Living organisms can sense and respond to changes in their environment, which is essential for their survival. This includes actions like movement or altering metabolic activities in response to external factors.
- Regulation (Homeostasis): Homeostasis is the ability of an organism to maintain internal stability by regulating its internal environment. It involves mechanisms like temperature regulation, pH balance, and maintaining the balance of fluids and electrolytes.
- Adaptation: Over time, living organisms evolve and adapt to their environments through natural selection, ensuring that they are better suited to survive and reproduce.
Question for Important Definitions : Life ProcessesTry yourself: Which life process involves the breakdown of complex food molecules into simpler, usable substances?View Solution
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FAQs on Important Definitions : Life Processes - Science Class 10
| 1. What are the seven life processes in living organisms? |  |
Ans. The seven life processes in living organisms are:
1. Movement - the ability to change position or location.
2. Respiration - the process of obtaining energy from food and releasing waste products.
3. Sensitivity - the ability to respond to external stimuli.
4. Growth - the increase in size or number of cells.
5. Reproduction - the ability to produce offspring.
6. Excretion - the removal of waste products from the body.
7. Nutrition - the process of obtaining and using nutrients for energy and growth.
| 2. How does respiration occur in living organisms? | |
Ans. Respiration in living organisms occurs through a series of chemical reactions that involve the breakdown of glucose molecules to release energy. In most organisms, respiration involves the intake of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide. This process can occur through two main types of respiration: aerobic respiration, which requires oxygen and occurs in the presence of oxygen, and anaerobic respiration, which occurs in the absence of oxygen. During respiration, glucose is oxidized to produce carbon dioxide, water, and ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is the energy currency used by cells.
| 3. What is the importance of sensitivity in living organisms? | |
Ans. Sensitivity is of great importance in living organisms as it allows them to respond to changes in their environment. Through sensitivity, organisms can detect and respond to various stimuli such as light, temperature, touch, sound, and chemical signals. This ability to sense and respond to stimuli helps organisms to survive and adapt to their surroundings. For example, sensitivity allows animals to detect danger, find food, locate mates, and navigate their environment. In plants, sensitivity helps them respond to light for photosynthesis and grow towards sources of water and nutrients.
| 4. How do living organisms carry out the process of excretion? | |
Ans. Living organisms carry out the process of excretion to remove waste products from their bodies. The main organs involved in excretion vary among different organisms. In humans, excretion primarily occurs through the kidneys, which filter waste products from the blood and produce urine. Other organs involved in excretion include the lungs, which remove carbon dioxide, and the skin, which eliminates sweat containing waste substances. In plants, excretion mainly occurs through the leaves, where waste substances are released during transpiration.
| 5. How does nutrition take place in living organisms? | |
Ans. Nutrition in living organisms refers to the process of obtaining and using nutrients for energy and growth. Different organisms have different modes of nutrition. In plants, nutrition takes place through photosynthesis, where they use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce glucose and oxygen. Animals, on the other hand, have various methods of nutrition, including herbivory (feeding on plants), carnivory (feeding on other animals), omnivory (feeding on both plants and animals), and scavenging (feeding on dead organisms). During digestion, nutrients from food are broken down and absorbed into the bloodstream, where they are transported to cells to provide energy and support growth.
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