Class 10 Exam > Class 10 Notes > Science Class 10 > Important Equations: Light - Reflection and Refraction
Important Equations: Light - Reflection and Refraction | Science Class 10 PDF Download
| Table of contents |
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| Formulas on Reflection of Light |
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| Formulas on Refraction of Light |
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| Image Formation by a Concave Mirror for Different Position of the Object |
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| Image Formation by a Convex Mirror |
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Formulas on Reflection of Light
Laws of Reflection
- Incident ray, reflected ray, and normal at the point of incidence lie in the same plane.
- The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection i.e., ∠i=∠r.
Reflection from a Plane Mirror
- The image is virtual. The image and the object are equidistant from the mirror.
- The object size is equal to the image size i.e., magnification is 1.
Reflection from a Spherical Mirror
- New cartesian sign convention (i) the distances are measured from the pole P (ii) the distances in the direction of incident ray are positive.
- Focal length is equal to half of radius of curvature i.e., f = R / 2 .
- The object distance u , image distance v and focal length f are related by the mirror formula:
- The magnification is the ratio of image height to the object height and it is given by
Formulas on Refraction of Light
Refractive Index
- Refractive index of medium with respect to other medium is called Relative Refractive Index.
- Refractive index of medium 1 with respect to medium 2 =
- Refractive index of medium with respect to air or vacuum is called Absolute Refractive Index.
- Absolute refractive index of medium (m) =
Laws of Refraction
- Incident ray, refracted ray, and normal at the point of incidence lie in the same plane.
- The angle of incidence is related to the angle of refraction by Snell's Law:
Lens Formula
The object distance u , image distance v and focal length f of a lens are related by the lens formula
The magnification by a lens is given by
Power of a Lens
The power of a lens is related to its focal length by
The power P in diopter if f in metre.
Image Formation by a Concave Mirror for Different Position of the Object
Image Formation by a Convex Mirror
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FAQs on Important Equations: Light - Reflection and Refraction - Science Class 10
| 1. What is the formula for reflection of light? |  |
Ans. The formula for reflection of light is given by the law of reflection, which states that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection. Mathematically, it can be written as:
Angle of incidence = Angle of reflection
| 2. What is the formula for refraction of light? | |
Ans. The formula for refraction of light is given by Snell's law, which states that the ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction is equal to the ratio of the velocities of light in the two media. Mathematically, it can be written as:
n1 sinθ1 = n2 sinθ2
where n1 and n2 are the refractive indices of the two media, and θ1 and θ2 are the angles of incidence and refraction, respectively.
| 3. How is the image formed by a concave mirror for different positions of the object? | |
Ans. The image formed by a concave mirror can vary depending on the position of the object. When the object is placed beyond the focal point of the mirror, a real and inverted image is formed between the focal point and the center of curvature. When the object is placed at the focal point, the reflected rays become parallel and no image is formed. When the object is placed between the focal point and the mirror, a virtual and magnified image is formed on the same side as the object.
| 4. How is the image formed by a convex mirror? | |
Ans. A convex mirror always forms a virtual, erect, and diminished image, regardless of the position of the object. The image is formed behind the mirror and cannot be obtained on a screen. The size of the image is smaller than the size of the object.
| 5. What are some important equations related to light reflection and refraction? | |
Ans. Some important equations related to light reflection and refraction are:
- Snell's law: n1 sinθ1 = n2 sinθ2, where n1 and n2 are the refractive indices of the two media, and θ1 and θ2 are the angles of incidence and refraction, respectively.
- Law of reflection: Angle of incidence = Angle of reflection.
- Mirror formula: 1/f = 1/v - 1/u, where f is the focal length of the mirror, v is the image distance, and u is the object distance.
- Lens formula: 1/f = 1/v - 1/u, where f is the focal length of the lens, v is the image distance, and u is the object distance.
- Magnification formula: Magnification = Height of image/Height of object = v/u.
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