Important Monuments of World | Famous Books for UPSC Exam (Summary & Tests) PDF Download

Petra (Jordan)

Lost City Resurrected - Petra
Built around 312 BC, Petra lay forgotten until its rediscovery in 1812 by Swiss explorer Johann Ludwig Burckhardt. Buried beneath layers of sand for centuries, it emerged as one of the Seven Wonders of the World after extensive excavation work. Petra is one of the oldest cities and a remarkable example of an extraordinary prehistoric civilization. Known as the Rose City for its pink facades, it houses around 800 tombs. Explore this UNESCO World Heritage site to embark on a mesmerizing journey back in time.

Pyramids of Giza (Egypt)

Icons of Ancient Egyptian Civilization

The Pyramids of Giza are a testament to the greatness of the ancient Egyptian civilization that thrived during the old kingdom. Believing in the afterlife, the Egyptians built these massive pyramids to honor their Pharaohs. The Pyramid of Khufu, the largest among them, opens its doors to tourists and unveils mummies of renowned Pharaohs. Discover diverse cultural beliefs and the legacy of a bygone era at this awe-inspiring historic site.

Taj Mahal, Agra (India)

A Marvel in White Marble

The Taj Mahal, an iconic marble mausoleum, stands as India's pride and one of the most visited monuments in the world. Commissioned by Emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his beloved wife, it is hailed as the "Jewel of Islamic Art" for its intricate carvings and enchanting beauty. Crafted by skilled artisans from India, Persia, and beyond, this universally acclaimed masterpiece is a must-visit for every traveler. Embark on a journey to witness the epitome of love and architectural brilliance.

The Colosseum, Rome (Italy)

A Gladiatorial Spectacle

The Colosseum, also known as the Flavian Amphitheatre, stands as a massive oval-shaped amphitheater in the heart of Rome. Built between 70 to 72 CE, it could accommodate up to 50,000 spectators and was famous for gladiatorial contests and other spectacles. Delve into the rich heritage of ancient Rome as you explore this architectural wonder, a testament to the grandeur of a bygone era.

The Great Wall of China (China)

A Mighty Defensive Fortification

Built during the reign of Qin Shi Huang, the Great Wall of China is a colossal fortification constructed to protect the territory from foreign invasions. While its visibility from space is debated, its significance as a man-made wonder remains indisputable. Spanning over 13,000 miles, this historic monument is a marvel of engineering and human endeavor, worth experiencing at least once in a lifetime.

Machu Picchu (Peru)

The Enigmatic Lost City of Incas

Perched in the Andes, Machu Picchu is an archaeological wonder, a testament to the grandeur of the Inca civilization. Discovered by explorer Hiram Bingham III in 1911, it is often referred to as the Lost City of Incas. Nestled at an altitude of 2,430 meters, this stunning site offers breathtaking views and insights into the once-powerful Inca empire.

Parthenon, Acropolis (Greece)

An Architectural Marvel of Ancient Athens

Parthenon, the largest and most elaborate Greek temple of its time, is a must-visit historic monument in Greece. Dedicated to Goddess Athena, it symbolizes the glorious culture of Athens during the 5th century. Despite ravages of time, the architectural brilliance of Parthenon still captivates visitors, offering a glimpse of the artistic finesse that went into its creation.

Khajuraho Temples, Madhya Pradesh (India)

A Magnificent Showcase of Art and Architecture

Khajuraho Temples, an exceptional masterpiece, is a treasure trove of art and architecture left behind by the Chandela Dynasty. With 85 stunning temples, this UNESCO World Heritage site showcases Nagara-style architecture and mesmerizing sculptures, including the famed erotic art. Visiting this jaw-dropping site during the annual cultural festival promises a truly extraordinary experience.

Borobudur Temples (Indonesia)

A Buddhist Marvel from the 8th Century

Borobudur Temple complex is one of the largest Buddhist temples in the world, dating back to the 8th and 9th century. The impressive architecture, with five square terraces and three circular platforms, draws pilgrims and travelers alike. Explore the site's exquisite sculptures of Hindu gods and scenes from Indian epics while experiencing the serene atmosphere of this historic monument.

Chichen Itza, Yucatan (Mexico)

A Fascinating Ancient Mayan City

Chichen Itza, located on the Yucatan peninsula of Mexico, offers a captivating glimpse into the ancient Mayan civilization. More than 1500 years old, the city boasts numerous architectural marvels, including the Temple of Kukulcan, the El Castillo pyramid. Embark on a journey to unravel the secrets of this ancient city where history and mystery intertwine.

Stonehenge, Wiltshire (England)

An Enigmatic Prehistoric Stone Circle

Stonehenge, an iconic landmark in England, is a mesmerizing prehistoric stone circle surrounded by mysteries and folklore. Transporting us back to the Neolithic and Bronze Age, this site sparks debates about its purpose, from ceremonial practices to legends of Merlin's wizardry. Witness this unusual yet intriguing historic monument and be part of the ongoing quest to unlock its secrets.

Angkor Wat (Cambodia)

A Cultural Wonder Dedicated to Deities

Angkor Wat, an expansive temple complex dedicated to Lord Shiva, Vishnu, and Brahma, is a cultural gem in Cambodia. Featured on the national flag, this historic site dates back to the 12th century and showcases remarkable architecture adorned with intricate sculptures of Hindu deities and scenes from Khmer culture. Embark on a journey to witness the grandeur of ancient Cambodian civilization.