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FAQs on India and Its Neighbours - PSIR Optional for UPSC

1. What are the main challenges in India’s relations with its neighboring countries?
Ans. India faces several challenges in its relations with neighboring countries, including territorial disputes, cross-border terrorism, and differing political ideologies. For instance, the long-standing border dispute with China remains a significant issue, while tensions with Pakistan are often exacerbated by terrorism and military conflicts. Additionally, relationships with smaller neighbors like Nepal and Bhutan can be strained due to political influence and economic dependencies.
2. How does India manage its foreign policy with its neighbors?
Ans. India’s foreign policy with its neighbors is guided by strategic interests, security concerns, and economic ties. The country engages in diplomatic dialogues, regional cooperation frameworks (like SAARC), and bilateral agreements to foster better relations. Initiatives such as the "Neighborhood First" policy emphasize enhancing connectivity, trade, and people-to-people ties, while also addressing security issues collaboratively.
3. What role does China play in the dynamics of India’s relationships with its neighbors?
Ans. China plays a significant role in the dynamics of India’s relationships with its neighbors, often acting as a counterbalance to India’s influence. China's strategic partnerships with countries like Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Nepal provide it with a foothold in the region. This has led to competition for influence, especially in infrastructure projects and investments, which can create tensions in India’s bilateral relationships.
4. How does India's economic engagement with its neighbors impact regional stability?
Ans. India's economic engagement with its neighbors contributes positively to regional stability by fostering interdependence and cooperation. Investments in infrastructure, trade agreements, and developmental aid can help build trust and mitigate conflicts. However, disparities in economic power can lead to resentment or dependency, complicating relationships. Therefore, balanced economic initiatives are crucial for sustainable stability in the region.
5. What is the significance of the Act East Policy in relation to India's neighbors?
Ans. The Act East Policy is significant as it seeks to enhance India's engagement with East and Southeast Asian countries, which indirectly influences its relationships with neighboring countries in South Asia. By strengthening economic and strategic ties with countries like Japan, Australia, and ASEAN nations, India aims to counterbalance China's influence and promote regional stability. This policy also encourages connectivity and trade, benefiting India’s immediate neighbors in the process.
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