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Indigenous Kit for Early Diagnosis of Foot-and-Mouth Disease | Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science Optional for UPSC PDF Download

Overview of Foot-and-Mouth Disease in Farm Animals


Incidence and Impact

  • 193 million cattle in India affected annually. 
  • Loss of about Rs. 200 crore in yield each year. 
  • Decrease in milk yield by 50%. 
  • Impaired draft capacity of animals.

Global Implications

  • Hindrance to international livestock trade. 
  • India's susceptible animal population: 448 million. 
  • Cattle: 193 million. 
  • Buffaloes: 80 million. 
  • Sheep: 45 million. 
  • Goats: 118 million. 
  • Pigs: 12 million.

 Prevalence and Virus Types

  • Endemic throughout India. 
  • Four main virus types: O, A, Asia I, and C. 
  • Type O responsible for 80% of outbreaks.

Early Detection Importance

  • Early virus type detection enables prompt vaccination. 
  • Helps in prevention and control of the disease.

Challenges with Imported Kits

  • Cost: $11 per kit capable of testing 50 samples. 
  • Limited availability. 

Development of Indigenous Elisa Kit

  • Developed by Indian Council of Agricultural Research. 
  • Cost: Rs. 2000 per kit, testing 50 samples. 
  • Easily accessible in India.

Expected Impact

  • Significant contribution to foot-and-mouth disease control in India.

In summary, foot-and-mouth disease poses a significant threat to livestock in India, impacting millions of animals annually. The development of the indigenous Elisa kit provides a cost-effective and accessible solution for early diagnosis, paving the way for effective disease prevention and control measures.

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The document Indigenous Kit for Early Diagnosis of Foot-and-Mouth Disease | Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science Optional for UPSC is a part of the UPSC Course Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science Optional for UPSC.
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FAQs on Indigenous Kit for Early Diagnosis of Foot-and-Mouth Disease - Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science Optional for UPSC

1. What is Foot-and-Mouth Disease and how does it affect farm animals?
Ans. Foot-and-Mouth Disease is a highly contagious viral disease that affects cloven-hoofed animals such as cattle, pigs, sheep, and goats. It causes fever, blisters in the mouth and on the feet, and can lead to decreased milk production and weight loss in animals.
2. What is an Indigenous Kit for Early Diagnosis of Foot-and-Mouth Disease and how does it work?
Ans. An Indigenous Kit for Early Diagnosis of Foot-and-Mouth Disease is a diagnostic tool that allows for the rapid and accurate detection of the disease in farm animals. It typically includes test strips or reagents that can detect specific antibodies or antigens associated with the Foot-and-Mouth Disease virus.
3. How can early diagnosis of Foot-and-Mouth Disease benefit farmers and livestock owners?
Ans. Early diagnosis of Foot-and-Mouth Disease can help farmers and livestock owners take prompt measures to control the spread of the disease, such as quarantine measures and vaccination programs. This can help prevent widespread outbreaks, reduce economic losses, and protect the health of the livestock.
4. What are the common symptoms of Foot-and-Mouth Disease in farm animals that farmers should look out for?
Ans. Common symptoms of Foot-and-Mouth Disease in farm animals include fever, drooling, lameness, blisters or sores in the mouth or on the feet, and decreased appetite. It is important for farmers to monitor their animals closely for these signs and seek veterinary assistance if they suspect Foot-and-Mouth Disease.
5. How can farmers prevent the spread of Foot-and-Mouth Disease among their livestock?
Ans. Farmers can prevent the spread of Foot-and-Mouth Disease among their livestock by practicing good biosecurity measures, such as limiting the movement of animals, disinfecting equipment and vehicles, and implementing vaccination programs. Early detection and reporting of any suspected cases of the disease are also crucial in preventing its spread.
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