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| 1. What is the role of the Supreme Court of India in the Indian legal system? |  |
Ans. The Supreme Court of India serves as the highest judicial forum and final court of appeal under the Constitution of India. It has the authority to adjudicate disputes, interpret laws, and protect fundamental rights. The Court also has the power to review its own decisions and to ensure that justice is delivered in accordance with the Constitution.
| 2. How is the Chief Justice of India appointed? | |
Ans. The Chief Justice of India is appointed by the President of India, based on seniority among the judges of the Supreme Court. The appointment is made after consulting with other judges of the Supreme Court and the High Courts, ensuring that the selection process is both fair and transparent.
| 3. What is the significance of the Constitution Bench in the Supreme Court? | |
Ans. A Constitution Bench is a bench of the Supreme Court that consists of a minimum of five judges. It is significant because it is constituted to hear and decide important constitutional matters, including cases that involve interpretation of the Constitution or resolution of conflicting judgments from smaller benches. This ensures consistency in the judicial interpretation of constitutional provisions.
| 4. What are the different types of jurisdiction exercised by the Supreme Court? | |
Ans. The Supreme Court exercises several types of jurisdiction, including Original Jurisdiction, Appellate Jurisdiction, and Advisory Jurisdiction. Original Jurisdiction allows the Court to hear cases directly, especially those involving disputes between states or between the Union and states. Appellate Jurisdiction involves hearing appeals against judgments from lower courts, while Advisory Jurisdiction permits the Court to provide opinions on legal questions referred by the President.
| 5. How does a public interest litigation (PIL) function in the Supreme Court? | |
Ans. Public Interest Litigation (PIL) allows individuals or groups to file petitions in the Supreme Court for the protection of public interest or fundamental rights. The Court accepts PILs to address issues affecting the public at large, such as environmental concerns, human rights violations, or social justice. This mechanism enhances access to justice for marginalized sections of society and encourages judicial activism in safeguarding citizens' rights.
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