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DNA replication Video Lecture | Biology Class 12 - NEET
FAQs on DNA replication Video Lecture - Biology Class 12 - NEET
| 1. What is the process of DNA replication? |  |
Ans.DNA replication is the biological process by which a cell duplicates its DNA, resulting in two identical copies. It involves unwinding the double helix structure of the DNA molecule, separating the two strands, and synthesizing new complementary strands using existing ones as templates. Key enzymes like DNA helicase, DNA polymerase, and ligase play crucial roles in this process.
| 2. What are the key enzymes involved in DNA replication? | |
Ans.The key enzymes involved in DNA replication include DNA helicase, which unwinds the DNA double helix; DNA polymerase, which synthesizes new DNA strands by adding nucleotides complementary to the template strand; and DNA ligase, which joins Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand to create a continuous strand.
| 3. What are the differences between leading and lagging strands in DNA replication? | |
Ans.The leading strand is synthesized continuously in the same direction as the replication fork, allowing for rapid elongation. In contrast, the lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously in short segments called Okazaki fragments, which are later joined together by DNA ligase. This occurs because the lagging strand is oriented in the opposite direction to the movement of the replication fork.
| 4. Why is DNA replication considered semi-conservative? | |
Ans.DNA replication is termed semi-conservative because each new DNA molecule consists of one original (parental) strand and one newly synthesized strand. This means that during replication, the two strands of the original DNA double helix separate, and each serves as a template for the formation of a new complementary strand, ensuring genetic continuity.
| 5. How do errors in DNA replication lead to mutations? | |
Ans.Errors during DNA replication can occur due to mispairing of nucleotides or slippage during strand synthesis. If these errors are not corrected by proofreading mechanisms of DNA polymerase or DNA repair systems, they can become permanent mutations in the DNA sequence. Such mutations can affect gene function and contribute to various genetic disorders or diseases.
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