Investment and Infrastructure: Keeping IT Going | Economic Survey & Government Reports - UPSC PDF Download

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Economic Survey 2024-25
164
6.2 The government has also instituted many complementary mechanisms to 
expedite planning, clearances and execution of projects.  The National Infrastructure 
Pipeline (NIP) was launched with a forward-looking approach, targeting a projected 
infrastructure investment of around ?111 lakh crore from FY20 to FY25. The NIP serves 
as a centralised platform for hosting projects of states, union territories and central 
ministries to facilitate their monitoring and review. Currently, it encompasses over 9,766 
projects and schemes across 37 sub-sectors. These projects are tracked and reviewed 
through the integrated India Investment Grid (NIP-Project Monitoring Group) portal. 
6.3 The government is bringing in innovative frameworks for attracting investment in 
infrastructure projects. To boost private investment in brownfield assets, the National 
Monetisation Pipeline (NMP) was launched in August 2021. This initiative laid down 
the framework for monetisation policy and identified a pipeline of potential core 
assets with an indicative value of ?6.0 lakh crore for the period FY22 to FY25
5
. For 
the period FY22 to FY24, against the target of ?4.30 lakh crore, transactions of ?3.86 
lakh crore in terms of accruals or private investments were completed under the core 
asset monetisation. Sector-wise, roads, power, coal, and mines led the performance, 
supported by market-tested models and reforms. For FY25, the aggregate monetisation 
target is set at ?1.91 lakh crore.
6.4 Despite such earnest efforts by the union government and quite a few state 
governments and public sector undertakings supplementing these efforts with increased 
capex, there is still a significant unmet demand for infrastructure development. 
While this is typical of a dynamic, developing economy, India’s goal of Viksit Bharat 
necessitates the progressive filling of this gap with innovative modes of financing and 
greater private participation. This sets the context for the discussion in this chapter.
INFRASTRUCTURE CAPEX IMPROVES POST-ELECTION
6.5 The pace of the Union Government’s capital expenditure in major infrastructure 
sectors
6
  was affected during Q1FY25, largely due to the model code of conduct during 
the general elections. The unusual patterns of the last monsoon season also slowed 
down the progress of work. Hence, a year-over-year comparison may not be appropriate 
for Q1FY25. 
5   NITI Aayog (2021, August 10). Transforming India's mobility: NITI Aayog's initiatives. Government of India. [PIB 
Release]. https://tinyurl.com/4nsnxt5s.
6  Infrastructure sectors include atomic energy, civil aviation, telecommunications, renewable energy, power, road, 
rural development, ports, housing & urban affairs, and railways.
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Economic Survey 2024-25
164
6.2 The government has also instituted many complementary mechanisms to 
expedite planning, clearances and execution of projects.  The National Infrastructure 
Pipeline (NIP) was launched with a forward-looking approach, targeting a projected 
infrastructure investment of around ?111 lakh crore from FY20 to FY25. The NIP serves 
as a centralised platform for hosting projects of states, union territories and central 
ministries to facilitate their monitoring and review. Currently, it encompasses over 9,766 
projects and schemes across 37 sub-sectors. These projects are tracked and reviewed 
through the integrated India Investment Grid (NIP-Project Monitoring Group) portal. 
6.3 The government is bringing in innovative frameworks for attracting investment in 
infrastructure projects. To boost private investment in brownfield assets, the National 
Monetisation Pipeline (NMP) was launched in August 2021. This initiative laid down 
the framework for monetisation policy and identified a pipeline of potential core 
assets with an indicative value of ?6.0 lakh crore for the period FY22 to FY25
5
. For 
the period FY22 to FY24, against the target of ?4.30 lakh crore, transactions of ?3.86 
lakh crore in terms of accruals or private investments were completed under the core 
asset monetisation. Sector-wise, roads, power, coal, and mines led the performance, 
supported by market-tested models and reforms. For FY25, the aggregate monetisation 
target is set at ?1.91 lakh crore.
6.4 Despite such earnest efforts by the union government and quite a few state 
governments and public sector undertakings supplementing these efforts with increased 
capex, there is still a significant unmet demand for infrastructure development. 
While this is typical of a dynamic, developing economy, India’s goal of Viksit Bharat 
necessitates the progressive filling of this gap with innovative modes of financing and 
greater private participation. This sets the context for the discussion in this chapter.
INFRASTRUCTURE CAPEX IMPROVES POST-ELECTION
6.5 The pace of the Union Government’s capital expenditure in major infrastructure 
sectors
6
  was affected during Q1FY25, largely due to the model code of conduct during 
the general elections. The unusual patterns of the last monsoon season also slowed 
down the progress of work. Hence, a year-over-year comparison may not be appropriate 
for Q1FY25. 
5   NITI Aayog (2021, August 10). Transforming India's mobility: NITI Aayog's initiatives. Government of India. [PIB 
Release]. https://tinyurl.com/4nsnxt5s.
6  Infrastructure sectors include atomic energy, civil aviation, telecommunications, renewable energy, power, road, 
rural development, ports, housing & urban affairs, and railways.
Page 4


Economic Survey 2024-25
164
6.2 The government has also instituted many complementary mechanisms to 
expedite planning, clearances and execution of projects.  The National Infrastructure 
Pipeline (NIP) was launched with a forward-looking approach, targeting a projected 
infrastructure investment of around ?111 lakh crore from FY20 to FY25. The NIP serves 
as a centralised platform for hosting projects of states, union territories and central 
ministries to facilitate their monitoring and review. Currently, it encompasses over 9,766 
projects and schemes across 37 sub-sectors. These projects are tracked and reviewed 
through the integrated India Investment Grid (NIP-Project Monitoring Group) portal. 
6.3 The government is bringing in innovative frameworks for attracting investment in 
infrastructure projects. To boost private investment in brownfield assets, the National 
Monetisation Pipeline (NMP) was launched in August 2021. This initiative laid down 
the framework for monetisation policy and identified a pipeline of potential core 
assets with an indicative value of ?6.0 lakh crore for the period FY22 to FY25
5
. For 
the period FY22 to FY24, against the target of ?4.30 lakh crore, transactions of ?3.86 
lakh crore in terms of accruals or private investments were completed under the core 
asset monetisation. Sector-wise, roads, power, coal, and mines led the performance, 
supported by market-tested models and reforms. For FY25, the aggregate monetisation 
target is set at ?1.91 lakh crore.
6.4 Despite such earnest efforts by the union government and quite a few state 
governments and public sector undertakings supplementing these efforts with increased 
capex, there is still a significant unmet demand for infrastructure development. 
While this is typical of a dynamic, developing economy, India’s goal of Viksit Bharat 
necessitates the progressive filling of this gap with innovative modes of financing and 
greater private participation. This sets the context for the discussion in this chapter.
INFRASTRUCTURE CAPEX IMPROVES POST-ELECTION
6.5 The pace of the Union Government’s capital expenditure in major infrastructure 
sectors
6
  was affected during Q1FY25, largely due to the model code of conduct during 
the general elections. The unusual patterns of the last monsoon season also slowed 
down the progress of work. Hence, a year-over-year comparison may not be appropriate 
for Q1FY25. 
5   NITI Aayog (2021, August 10). Transforming India's mobility: NITI Aayog's initiatives. Government of India. [PIB 
Release]. https://tinyurl.com/4nsnxt5s.
6  Infrastructure sectors include atomic energy, civil aviation, telecommunications, renewable energy, power, road, 
rural development, ports, housing & urban affairs, and railways.
Page 5


Economic Survey 2024-25
164
6.2 The government has also instituted many complementary mechanisms to 
expedite planning, clearances and execution of projects.  The National Infrastructure 
Pipeline (NIP) was launched with a forward-looking approach, targeting a projected 
infrastructure investment of around ?111 lakh crore from FY20 to FY25. The NIP serves 
as a centralised platform for hosting projects of states, union territories and central 
ministries to facilitate their monitoring and review. Currently, it encompasses over 9,766 
projects and schemes across 37 sub-sectors. These projects are tracked and reviewed 
through the integrated India Investment Grid (NIP-Project Monitoring Group) portal. 
6.3 The government is bringing in innovative frameworks for attracting investment in 
infrastructure projects. To boost private investment in brownfield assets, the National 
Monetisation Pipeline (NMP) was launched in August 2021. This initiative laid down 
the framework for monetisation policy and identified a pipeline of potential core 
assets with an indicative value of ?6.0 lakh crore for the period FY22 to FY25
5
. For 
the period FY22 to FY24, against the target of ?4.30 lakh crore, transactions of ?3.86 
lakh crore in terms of accruals or private investments were completed under the core 
asset monetisation. Sector-wise, roads, power, coal, and mines led the performance, 
supported by market-tested models and reforms. For FY25, the aggregate monetisation 
target is set at ?1.91 lakh crore.
6.4 Despite such earnest efforts by the union government and quite a few state 
governments and public sector undertakings supplementing these efforts with increased 
capex, there is still a significant unmet demand for infrastructure development. 
While this is typical of a dynamic, developing economy, India’s goal of Viksit Bharat 
necessitates the progressive filling of this gap with innovative modes of financing and 
greater private participation. This sets the context for the discussion in this chapter.
INFRASTRUCTURE CAPEX IMPROVES POST-ELECTION
6.5 The pace of the Union Government’s capital expenditure in major infrastructure 
sectors
6
  was affected during Q1FY25, largely due to the model code of conduct during 
the general elections. The unusual patterns of the last monsoon season also slowed 
down the progress of work. Hence, a year-over-year comparison may not be appropriate 
for Q1FY25. 
5   NITI Aayog (2021, August 10). Transforming India's mobility: NITI Aayog's initiatives. Government of India. [PIB 
Release]. https://tinyurl.com/4nsnxt5s.
6  Infrastructure sectors include atomic energy, civil aviation, telecommunications, renewable energy, power, road, 
rural development, ports, housing & urban affairs, and railways.
Investment and Infrastructure
167
• Public Private Partnership (PPP): 17 projects have been completed (?16,434 crore) 
and 8 ongoing (?16,614 crore) under the PPP model.
Major projects 
• Mumbai-Ahmedabad High-Speed Rail Project: Sanctioned in December 2015, this 
508 km project, supported by Japan, has a revised cost of ?1.08 lakh crore. As of October 
2024, it has achieved 47.17 per cent physical progress with an expenditure of ?67,486 
crore. 
• Dedicated Freight Corridors (DFCs): As of November 2024, 2,741 km (96.4 per 
cent) of the planned 2,843 km DFC network has been commissioned. DFCs have 
transformed logistics in India by facilitating increased freight volumes without passenger 
train interference.
6.9 The focus on railway station infrastructure and modernisation of locomotives and 
coaching stock have improved passenger amenities in the railway sector (Box VI.2).
Box VI.2: Steps for enhancing passenger amenities in railways
Indian Railways is undertaking several initiatives to enhance passenger experience and 
station amenities. Key projects mainly focus on station redevelopment, affordable healthcare, 
improving catering services and supporting local artisans.
• Amrit Bharat Station Scheme: Under this initiative, aimed at enhancing railway 
station amenities, 1337 stations have been identified for redevelopment; work has started 
in 1197 of them. 
• Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Janaushadhi Kendras (PMBJKs): In the pursuit to 
enhance the wellness and welfare of passengers passing through railway stations, 50 
PMBJKs were started in railway station premises. In addition, on November 13, 2024, 18 
new PMBJKs were inaugurated, providing affordable medications and healthcare services 
at railway stations.
• Food and catering services: A new policy for managing mobile catering was introduced 
on November 14, 2023. As of November 23, 2024, this has resulted in the establishment 
of 557 Base Kitchens servicing 468 pairs of trains. 
• One Station One Product Scheme: This scheme is operational at 1,900 stations, 
featuring 2,163 outlets that benefit 79,380 local artisans by providing sales opportunities 
for their products. 
• Passenger amenities: Train Indication Boards have been provided at 1,351 stations, 
Coach Guidance Systems at 866 stations, and Wi-Fi availability at 6,112 stations, 
enhancing passenger experience.