Isomerism & Its Types Video Lecture | Chemistry Class 11 - NEET

Ans. Isomerism refers to the phenomenon in which two or more compounds have the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements or spatial orientations. In other words, isomers are compounds that have the same atoms but are arranged differently, resulting in distinct chemical and physical properties.

Ans. There are several types of isomerism, including: 1. Structural isomerism: This type of isomerism arises when compounds have the same molecular formula but differ in the arrangement of atoms within the molecule. For example, butane and isobutane are structural isomers. 2. Stereoisomerism: Stereoisomers have the same molecular formula, the same connectivity of atoms, but differ in their spatial arrangement. This type of isomerism can be further classified into two categories: geometric isomerism and optical isomerism. 3. Geometric isomerism: This occurs when compounds have restricted rotation around a bond and have different spatial arrangements as a result. E/Z isomerism and cis/trans isomerism are common examples of geometric isomerism. 4. Optical isomerism: Also known as enantiomerism, optical isomerism arises when compounds are non-superimposable mirror images of each other. These isomers are characterized by their ability to rotate plane-polarized light in opposite directions. 5. Tautomeric isomerism: Tautomers are isomers that exist in equilibrium and can rapidly interconvert. They differ in the position of a hydrogen atom and the double bond within the molecule.

Ans. Yes, one example of structural isomerism is the pair of compounds known as butane and isobutane. Both compounds have the molecular formula C4H10, but their arrangement of atoms within the molecule differs. Butane has a linear structure, while isobutane has a branched structure.

Ans. Geometric isomerism refers to the different spatial arrangements of atoms resulting from restricted rotation around a bond, while optical isomerism is characterized by the compounds being mirror images of each other. The key distinction is that geometric isomerism can occur in compounds with a double bond or a ring structure, while optical isomerism is only observed in compounds with chiral centers.

Ans. Tautomeric isomerism is distinct from other types of isomerism because tautomers exist in equilibrium and can rapidly interconvert. Unlike other isomers, tautomers differ in the position of a hydrogen atom and the double bond within the molecule. This type of isomerism is commonly observed in compounds containing functional groups such as keto-enol tautomers or aldehyde-ketone tautomers.