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L 14 Thermodynamics - heat engine and efficiency,Class 11, Physics Video Lecture | Additional Study Material for NEET

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FAQs on L 14 Thermodynamics - heat engine and efficiency,Class 11, Physics Video Lecture - Additional Study Material for NEET

1. What is a heat engine?
Ans. A heat engine is a device that converts heat energy into mechanical work. It operates on the principle of the second law of thermodynamics, which states that heat flows from a higher temperature region to a lower temperature region spontaneously. Heat engines are commonly used in power plants, automobiles, and various industrial applications.
2. How is the efficiency of a heat engine defined?
Ans. The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as the ratio of the useful work output to the heat energy input. Mathematically, it can be expressed as Efficiency = (Useful work output / Heat energy input) x 100%. It represents how effectively a heat engine converts heat energy into useful work.
3. What factors affect the efficiency of a heat engine?
Ans. The efficiency of a heat engine is influenced by several factors. Some of the key factors include the temperature difference between the hot and cold reservoirs, the type of working fluid used, the design and efficiency of the components (such as the combustion chamber or turbine), and the presence of any energy losses due to friction or heat dissipation.
4. Can the efficiency of a heat engine be 100%?
Ans. No, according to the second law of thermodynamics, it is impossible for a heat engine to have 100% efficiency. This is because a heat engine always operates in a cyclic manner, and some amount of heat energy is always lost to the surroundings during the conversion process. This lost heat energy cannot be completely recovered, leading to a maximum theoretical efficiency known as the Carnot efficiency.
5. How can the efficiency of a heat engine be improved?
Ans. The efficiency of a heat engine can be improved by various methods. Some common approaches include increasing the temperature difference between the hot and cold reservoirs, using more efficient working fluids, optimizing the design of components to minimize energy losses, and implementing heat recovery systems to utilize waste heat. Ongoing research and technological advancements aim to enhance the efficiency of heat engines further.
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