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Introduction: Principles of Inheritance & Variation Video Lecture - NEET

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FAQs on Introduction: Principles of Inheritance & Variation Video Lecture - NEET

1. What are the principles of inheritance?

Ans. The principles of inheritance are based on the observations made by Gregor Mendel, who proposed the laws of inheritance. These principles include the law of segregation, which states that each individual has two alleles for a trait and they separate during gamete formation, and the law of independent assortment, which states that the inheritance of one trait is independent of the inheritance of another trait.

2. How does variation occur in organisms?

Ans. Variation in organisms occurs through processes such as mutation, recombination, and sexual reproduction. Mutation is a spontaneous change in the DNA sequence, which can create new alleles and lead to variation. Recombination occurs during the formation of gametes, where genetic material is shuffled and combined in different ways. Sexual reproduction also contributes to variation as offspring inherit a combination of genetic material from two parents.

3. What is the significance of inheritance and variation in evolution?

Ans. Inheritance and variation play a crucial role in the process of evolution. Inheritance ensures that traits can be passed on from one generation to the next, allowing for the accumulation of beneficial traits over time. Variation provides the raw material for natural selection to act upon. Through natural selection, individuals with advantageous traits have a higher chance of survival and reproduction, leading to the gradual change and adaptation of species over generations.

4. How are inherited traits determined in humans?

Ans. In humans, inherited traits are determined by the combination of genes inherited from both parents. Each individual has two alleles for each gene, one inherited from the mother and one from the father. These alleles can be dominant or recessive, with dominant alleles typically expressing their traits over recessive alleles. The specific combination of alleles for a particular gene determines the phenotype or observable characteristics of an individual.

5. Can environmental factors influence inheritance and variation?

Ans. While environmental factors can influence the expression of certain traits, they do not directly alter the inheritance or variation of genetic material. Environmental factors can affect the phenotype or appearance of an organism by interacting with the genes, but they do not change the underlying genetic information. However, certain environmental factors such as exposure to radiation or chemicals can increase the likelihood of mutations occurring, which can then lead to variation in subsequent generations.

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