Q1: Statement 1: The Western Ghats and Eastern Himalayas in India are recognized as global biodiversity hotspots.
Statement 2: These regions are part of India's 16 distinct forest types classified by Champion and Seth.
(a) Both statements are true.
(b) Only statement 1 is true.
(c) Only statement 2 is true.
(d) Both statements are false.
Ans: (b)
The Western Ghats and Eastern Himalayas are indeed recognized as global biodiversity hotspots. However, statement 2 is incorrect because the classification by Champion and Seth does not specifically state that these regions are part of the 16 distinct forest types, though they are included in the broader categorization.
Q2: Which type of forest in India is characterized by tall trees with broad trunks, shedding leaves in the dry season, and is dominated by sal and teak?
(a) Tropical Wet Evergreen Forests
(b) Tropical Moist Deciduous Forests
(c) Tropical Dry Deciduous Forests
(d) Subtropical Broad-leaved Forests
Ans: (c)
Tropical Dry Deciduous Forests in India are characterized by tall trees with broad trunks that shed leaves in the dry season. They are mainly dominated by sal and teak trees.
Q3: Statement 1: The National Forest Policy (1988) aims to substantially increase forest and tree cover through massive afforestation and social forestry programs.
Statement 2: One of the objectives of the National Forest Policy is to control the expansion of sand dunes in Rajasthan's desert areas.
Statement 3: The National Forest Policy promotes the efficient utilization of forest produce and maximizes the substitution of wood.
(a) Statements 1 and 2 are true, but statement 3 is false.
(b) Statement 1 is false, but statements 2 and 3 are true.
(c) All statements are true.
(d) All statements are false.
Ans: (c)
All three statements are aligned with the objectives and provisions of the National Forest Policy (1988).
Q4: According to the Indian State of Forest Report 2021, which state leads in forest cover in India?
(a) Arunachal Pradesh
(b) Madhya Pradesh
(c) Chhattisgarh
(d) Mizoram
Ans: (b)
As per the Indian State of Forest Report 2021, Madhya Pradesh leads in forest cover, followed by Arunachal Pradesh and Chhattisgarh.
Q5: Assertion (a): The National Forest Policy of 1988 aims to ensure environmental stability and preserve atmospheric equilibrium.
Reasoning (R): This policy primarily focuses on commercial exploitation of forest resources.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Ans: (c)
The National Forest Policy of 1988 indeed aims to ensure environmental stability and preserve atmospheric equilibrium. However, the policy does not primarily focus on commercial exploitation but rather on conserving and enhancing forest cover.
Q6: Which act was introduced in 2006 to restore forest rights to tribal and other traditional forest dwellers in India?
(a) The Wildlife Protection Act
(b) The Forest (Conservation) Act
(c) The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act
(d) The Environment Protection Act
Ans: (c)
The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006, was introduced to restore and acknowledge the forest rights of tribal and other traditional forest dwellers.
Q7: Which of the following is a key goal of the Joint Forest Management (JFM) program in India?
(a) Privatization of forest lands
(b) Rehabilitation of degraded forestlands with local participation
(c) Commercial logging
(d) Establishing private wildlife sanctuaries
Ans: (b)
The Joint Forest Management program in India aims at rehabilitating degraded forestlands through the participation of local communities, fostering partnerships between these communities and the Forest Department.
Q8: The Chipko Movement was significant for:
(a) Promoting commercial forestry
(b) Introducing exotic tree species in India
(c) Protecting trees through non-violent resistance
(d) Encouraging urban afforestation
Ans: (c)
The Chipko Movement, emerging in the 1970s in the Garhwal Himalayas, was significant for its approach to protecting trees and forests through non-violent resistance, primarily involving tree-hugging.
Q9: The Forest Conservation Rules 2022 include a provision for:
(a) Requiring gram sabha consent for all forest projects
(b) Banning all construction in forest areas
(c) Permitting construction of structures for legitimate purposes in forests
(d) Eliminating the need for compensatory afforestation
Ans: (c)
The Forest Conservation Rules 2022 allow for the construction of structures for legitimate purposes in forests, such as for forest protection measures and residential units, with certain limitations.
Q10: Which of the following forest types is characterized by hard-leaved evergreen trees with fragrant flowers along the coasts of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, and Karnataka?
(a) Tropical Wet Evergreen Forests
(b) Tropical Dry Evergreen Forests
(c) Subtropical Broad-leaved Forests
(d) Montane Wet Temperate Forests
Ans: (b)
Tropical Dry Evergreen Forests, located along the coasts of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, and Karnataka, are characterized by hard-leaved evergreen trees with fragrant flowers, along with a few deciduous trees.
Q11: In which year was the National Forest Policy introduced in India?
(a) 1952
(b) 1976
(c) 1988
(d) 2006
Ans: (c)
The National Forest Policy was introduced in 1988 with the aim of ensuring environmental stability and maintaining ecological balance.
Q12: The Appiko Movement is associated with which state in India?
(a) Uttarakhand
(b) Karnataka
(c) Madhya Pradesh
(d) West Bengal
Ans: (b)
The Appiko Movement, similar in spirit to the Chipko Movement, began in Karnataka in 1983 as a response to deforestation.
Q13: Which type of forest in India is characterized by tall, straight evergreen trees like jackfruit, betel nut palm, and mango?
(a) Tropical Wet Evergreen Forests
(b) Tropical Semi-Evergreen Forests
(c) Tropical Thorn Forests
(d) Tropical Dry Deciduous Forests
Ans: (a)
Tropical Wet Evergreen Forests are characterized by tall, straight evergreen trees and are found in regions like the Western Ghats and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
Q14: What is the primary goal of the National Forest Policy 1988?
(a) Promote commercial forestry
(b) Ensure environmental stability and ecological balance
(c) Focus solely on wildlife conservation
(d) Encourage urbanization of forest areas
Ans: (b)
The National Forest Policy 1988 primarily aims to ensure environmental stability and maintain ecological balance, including the preservation of atmospheric equilibrium.
Q15: Which forests are known for their adaptation with roots specialized for breathing in water?
(a) Montane Wet Temperate Forests
(b) Littoral and Swamp Forests
(c) Tropical Dry Evergreen Forests
(d) Subalpine Forests
Ans: (b)
Littoral and Swamp Forests, found along the Andaman and Nicobar Islands and the delta areas of Ganga and Brahmaputra, are adapted to waterlogged conditions with specialized breathing roots.
Q16: The India State of Forest Report 2021 indicates an increase in which type of forest cover since 2019?
(a) Tropical Dry Deciduous Forests
(b) Very Dense Forest (VDF)
(c) Subtropical Pine Forests
(d) Littoral and Swamp Forests
Ans: (b)
According to the India State of Forest Report 2021, there was an increase in Very Dense Forest (VDF) cover by 500 sq km, crucial for carbon dioxide absorption.
Q17: Which state in India has the highest percentage of its geographical area under forest cover as per the India State of Forest Report 2021?
(a) Mizoram
(b) Arunachal Pradesh
(c) Meghalaya
(d) Nagaland
Ans: (a)
Mizoram leads the states by having the highest percentage (84.53%) of its geographical area under forest cover.
Q18: The Forest Rights Act, 2006, recognizes rights related to:
(a) Only individual land cultivation in forest areas
(b) Community rights over common property resources
(c) Commercial mining in forest areas
(d) Privatization of national parks
Ans: (b)
The Forest Rights Act, 2006, acknowledges both individual rights to cultivated land in forestland and community rights over common property resources.
Q19: Which of the following movements used non-violent resistance to protect trees in India?
(a) Narmada Bachao Andolan
(b) Green Revolution
(c) Chipko Movement
(d) Swadeshi Movement
Ans: (c)
The Chipko Movement, which began in the 1970s in the Garhwal Himalayas, used non-violent resistance, including tree-hugging, to protect trees from being felled.
Q20: What is the maximum limit for recognizing rights on forest land under the Forest Rights Act, 2006?
(a) 2 hectares
(b) 4 hectares
(c) 6 hectares
(d) No limit
Ans: (b)
Under the Forest Rights Act, 2006, the maximum limit for recognizing rights on forest land is 4 hectares.
