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Mind Map: Main factors behind Mughal Decline | History for UPSC CSE

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1. What were the main factors behind the decline of the Mughal Empire?
Ans. The main factors behind the decline of the Mughal Empire were: - Weak successors: After the death of Emperor Aurangzeb, weak successors took over the throne who lacked the leadership and administrative skills to effectively govern the empire. - Maratha invasions: The Marathas, a powerful regional power, launched invasions and captured territories from the Mughals, weakening their hold over key regions. - Economic instability: The empire faced economic instability due to excessive taxation, corruption, and a decline in trade, leading to a decrease in revenue and financial difficulties. - Religious tensions: The policies of Aurangzeb, who enforced strict Islamic laws and persecuted non-Muslims, led to widespread discontent and rebellions. - External invasions: The Mughal Empire faced invasions from external forces, such as the Persian ruler Nader Shah, who sacked Delhi and looted the empire.
2. How did weak successors contribute to the decline of the Mughal Empire?
Ans. Weak successors contributed to the decline of the Mughal Empire in several ways: - Incompetent leadership: The weak successors lacked the necessary leadership skills and administrative abilities to effectively govern the empire, leading to mismanagement and inefficiency. - Political instability: The frequent changes in leadership and power struggles among the successors weakened the central authority and allowed regional powers to challenge Mughal rule. - Lack of military prowess: The weak successors failed to maintain a strong and disciplined military force, making the empire vulnerable to external invasions and internal rebellions. - Neglect of governance: The weak successors often focused on personal interests and luxurious lifestyles, neglecting the governance and welfare of the empire, which further contributed to its decline.
3. What role did the Marathas play in the decline of the Mughal Empire?
Ans. The Marathas played a significant role in the decline of the Mughal Empire: - Military campaigns: The Marathas launched successful military campaigns against the Mughals, capturing key territories and weakening their control over northern India. - Drain of resources: The Maratha invasions resulted in the loss of revenue and resources for the Mughal Empire, further exacerbating their financial difficulties. - Challenges to authority: The Marathas challenged the authority of the Mughal emperors by establishing their own independent rule in various regions, diminishing the central control of the empire. - Weakening of administration: The constant conflicts with the Marathas drained the administrative capabilities of the Mughals, making it harder for them to govern effectively.
4. How did economic instability contribute to the decline of the Mughal Empire?
Ans. Economic instability played a significant role in the decline of the Mughal Empire: - Excessive taxation: The Mughal rulers imposed heavy taxes on the population, leading to widespread discontent and economic hardships for the common people. - Corruption: The empire suffered from rampant corruption, where officials and nobles exploited their positions for personal gain, depriving the treasury of much-needed revenue. - Decline in trade: Political instability and conflicts disrupted trade routes and led to a decline in commercial activities, negatively impacting the empire's economy. - Financial difficulties: The empire faced financial difficulties due to a lack of revenue, resulting in the inability to maintain a strong military and carry out essential administrative functions.
5. How did religious tensions contribute to the decline of the Mughal Empire?
Ans. Religious tensions played a significant role in the decline of the Mughal Empire: - Aurangzeb's policies: Emperor Aurangzeb's strict enforcement of Islamic laws and persecution of non-Muslims created widespread discontent and rebellion among the non-Muslim population. - Alienation of Hindu nobles: Aurangzeb's policies alienated Hindu nobles and regional powers, who felt marginalized and oppressed, leading to their support for rebellions and invasions against the Mughals. - Partition of Bengal: The partition of Bengal by the Mughals, which was seen as a religiously motivated act, led to the rise of Hindu resistance movements and further weakened the empire's control. - Loss of support: The religious policies of the Mughal rulers resulted in the loss of support from various religious and ethnic communities, making it harder for them to maintain their authority and control.
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