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Mind Map: India Under British Rule: Governance & Other Aspects | History for UPSC CSE PDF Download

Mind Map: India Under British Rule: Governance & Other Aspects | History for UPSC CSE

The document Mind Map: India Under British Rule: Governance & Other Aspects | History for UPSC CSE is a part of the UPSC Course History for UPSC CSE.
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FAQs on Mind Map: India Under British Rule: Governance & Other Aspects - History for UPSC CSE

1. What were the main features of governance in India under British rule?
Ans.The governance of India under British rule was characterized by a centralized administrative structure, where the British Crown exercised ultimate authority. The Government of India Act of 1858 transferred control from the East India Company to the Crown. Key features included a bureaucratic system staffed predominantly by British officials, the introduction of the Indian Civil Service, and the establishment of a legal framework that combined British law with traditional Indian practices. Local governance was often managed through a system of indirect rule, where traditional leaders were co-opted into the colonial administration.
2. How did British rule impact the economic landscape of India?
Ans.British rule had a profound impact on the Indian economy, leading to significant changes in agricultural practices, industry, and trade. The introduction of cash crops for export, such as cotton and indigo, shifted the focus from subsistence farming to commercial agriculture. The destruction of traditional industries, particularly textiles, led to deindustrialization in many regions. The railways and roads were developed primarily to facilitate resource extraction and improve military logistics, which altered trade patterns and contributed to a drain of wealth from India to Britain.
3. What role did social reforms play during British rule in India?
Ans.Social reforms during British rule aimed to address various social issues such as caste discrimination, child marriage, and female infanticide. Reformers like Raja Ram Mohan Roy advocated for women's rights and the abolition of practices like Sati. The British government, while often motivated by a desire to 'civilize' Indian society, also enacted laws such as the Hindu Widow Remarriage Act and the Child Marriage Restraint Act. These reforms sparked debates about tradition, modernity, and the role of colonial powers in social change.
4. What were the major resistance movements against British rule in India?
Ans.Major resistance movements against British rule included the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857, also known as the First War of Independence, which highlighted widespread discontent among Indian soldiers and civilians. Other notable movements included the Indian National Congress, founded in 1885, which initially sought reforms but later demanded full independence. The Non-Cooperation Movement led by Mahatma Gandhi in the 1920s and the Quit India Movement in 1942 were pivotal in mobilizing mass support against colonial rule, utilizing strategies of non-violent resistance and civil disobedience.
5. How did British educational policies influence Indian society?
Ans.British educational policies introduced Western-style education in India, which had lasting effects on Indian society. The establishment of universities in Calcutta, Bombay, and Madras in the late 19th century aimed to create a class of educated Indians who could assist in administration. While this led to increased literacy and the emergence of a new middle class, it also fostered nationalist sentiments as educated Indians began to critique colonial policies. The introduction of English as a medium of instruction created a divide between those who could access this education and the broader population, impacting social mobility and class structures.
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