Mindmap: Parliamentary System | Indian Polity for UPSC CSE PDF Download

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Parliamentary System
Concept
Democratic state governance
Ruling party: Majority in House of Parliament
Based on British system
Supreme Court's endorsement
Integration of Executive and Legislature
Features
Real and Nominal executives (PM and President/Monarch)
Majority rule in Lok Sabha
Collective responsibility (Article 75)
Political homogeneity for stability
Dual membership: Ministers part of Legislature
T enure linked to Lok Sabha majority
Ministers' six-month absence rule
Merits
Executive-Legislature coordination for e ?cient governance
Prevention of authoritarianism through checks and balances
Inclusive decision-making involving diverse opinions
Responsible government accountable to Parliament
Diverse group representation re ?ecting society
Flexibility in PM replacement for adaptability
Demerits
Potential for cabinet dictatorship under strong PM
Non-expert ministers a ?ecting quality of governance
Civil o ?cial power leading to bureaucratic in ?uence
Non-constitutional pressures on decision-making
Policy inconsistency with changing governments
Limited separation of powers, a ?ecting checks and balances
Anti-defection laws restricting individual lawmaker's freedom
British vs Indian System
British: Monarch as head of state, Sovereign parliament, PM in lower house
Indian: Republic with President as head of state, Constrained parliament, PM can be from any house
Adoption in India
Historical experience under British rule
Executive control by people's representatives
Avoiding presidential system pitfalls like concentration of power
Strong executive with checks against misuse of power
Avoidance of personality cult around a single leader
Conclusion
Parliament's crucial role in democratic governance
Importance of e ?ective operation and legislation