Ministry of Skill Development & Entrepreneurship: General Schemes | Indian Economy for UPSC CSE PDF Download

PMKVY 3.0

Key Points

• Background:
  • Skill India Mission was launched by the government in 2015 under which the flagship scheme Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY) is run.
  • It aims to train over 40 crore people in India in different skills by 2022. It aims at vocational training and certification of Indian youth for a better livelihood and respect in the society.
• PMKVY 1.0:
  • Launch: India’s largest Skill Certification Scheme - Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY) - was launched on 15th July, 2015 (World Youth Skills Day).
  • Aim: To encourage and promote skill development in the country by providing free short duration skill training and incentivizing this by providing monetary rewards to youth for skill certification.
  • Implementation: PMKVY is implemented by the National Skills Development Corporation (NSDC) under the guidance of the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE).
  • Key Components: Short Term Training, Special Projects, Recognition of Prior Learning, Kaushal & Rozgar Mela, etc.
  • Outcome: In 2015-16, 19.85 lakh candidates were trained.
• PMKVY 2.0:
  • Coverage: PMKVY 2016-20 (PMKVY 2.0) was launched by scaling up both in terms of Sector and Geography and by greater alignment with other missions of the Government of India like Make in India, Digital India, Swachh Bharat, etc.
  • Budget: Rs. 12,000 Crore.
  • Implementation Through Two Components:
    • Centrally Sponsored Centrally Managed (CSCM): This component was implemented by National Skill Development Corporation. 75% of the PMKVY 2016-20 funds and corresponding physical targets have been allocated under CSCM.
    • Centrally Sponsored State Managed (CSSM): This component was implemented by State Governments through State Skill Development Missions (SSDMs). 25% of the PMKVY 2016-20 funds and corresponding physical targets have been allocated under CSSM.
    • Outcome: More than 1.2 Crore youth have been trained/oriented through an improved standardized skilling ecosystem in the country under PMKVY 1.0 and PMKVY 2.0.
• PMKVY 3.0:
  • Coverage: Launched in 717 districts, 28 States/eight UTs, PMKVY 3.0 is a step towards ‘Atmnanirbhar Bharat’.
  • Implementation: It will be implemented in a more decentralized structure with greater responsibilities and support from States/UTs and Districts.
  • District Skill Committees (DSCs), under the guidance of State Skill Development Missions (SSDM), shall play a key role in addressing the skill gap and assessing demand at the district level.
  • Features:
    • It envisages training of eight lakh candidates over a scheme period of 2020-2021 with an outlay of Rs. 948.90 crore.
      • The 729 Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Kendras (PMKKs), empaneled non-PMKK training centres and more than 200 Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs) under Skill India will be rolling out PMKVY 3.0 training to build a robust pool of skilled professionals.
    • It will be more trainee- and learner-centric. The focus is on bridging the demand-supply gap by promoting skill development in areas of new-age and Industry 4.0 job roles.
    • It will be a propagator of vocational education at an early level for youth to capitalize on industry-linked opportunities.
      • The National Educational Policy 2020 also puts focus on vocational training for a holistic growth and increased employability.
    • By taking the bottom-up approach to training, it will identify job roles that have demand at the local level and skill the youth, linking them to these opportunities (Vocal for Local).
    • It will encourage healthy competition between states by making available increased allocation to those states that perform better.

PM-YUVA

Facts - About PM YUVA:

• Pradhan Mantri YUVA Yojana (Yuva Udyamita Vikas Abhiyan) is a centrally sponsored Scheme launched in 2016.
• The scheme is implemented by the Ministry of Skills Development and Entrepreneurship, Government of India.
• The aim of the scheme is to create an enabling ecosystem by 2021 for entrepreneurship development through entrepreneurship education & training, advocacy, and easy access to entrepreneurship network.

Objectives of PM-YUVA: PM-YUVA Yojana has four specific objectives

• Educate and equip potential and early stage entrepreneurs
• Connect entrepreneurs in enabling networks of peers, mentors, incubators, funding and business services
• Coordinate and support entrepreneurs through Entrepreneurship Hubs(E-Hubs)
• Catalyze a culture shift to support aspiring entrepreneurs.

Beneficiaries of the Scheme: The target beneficiaries of the scheme are categorized as follows:

• Traditional students enrolled in degree programme across undergraduate/ postgraduate courses/ PhD programme/ Diploma
• School Students
• Students in Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs)
• All citizens including unorganized sector, women, and existing entrepreneurs in rural as well as urban areas, who would like to take up entrepreneurship education through coordination and support programmes.

SANKALP Scheme

• To enhance the district level ecosystem, the Ministry has taken the following initiatives:
  • Skill India Portal: A system to capture and converge skill data even at the district level.
  • Grants: Nine States namely Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, Jammu & Kashmir, Maharashtra, Manipur, Punjab and Uttar Pradesh were given grants.
  • Aspirational Districts: In addition to these State, grants have also been released to 117 aspirational districts under Aspirational Skilling Abhiyaan

Skills Acquisition and Knowledge Awareness for Livelihood Scheme

• Skills Acquisition and Knowledge Awareness for Livelihood (SANKALP) is an outcome-oriented programme of Ministry of Skill Development & Entrepreneurship (MSDE) with a special focus on decentralised planning and quality improvement.
• It is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme which is collaborated with the World Bank.
• It aims to implement the mandate of the National Skill Development Mission (NSDM).
• The main objectives of the scheme are:
  • Convergence: Creating convergence among all skill training activities, both State-led and Government of India funded, at the state level.
  • Quality: Improving the quality of skill development programs through building a pool of quality trainers, developing model curriculum and content, and standardizing assessment and certification.
  • Evaluation System: Establishing a robust monitoring and evaluation system for skill training programs.
  • Inclusiveness & Opportunity: Providing access to skill training opportunities to the disadvantaged sections. Creating industry-led and demand-driven skill training capacity.
• Similar to SANKALP scheme, the government has also launched the STRIVE scheme for skill development.

Skills Strengthening for Industrial Value Enhancement Scheme

• Skills Strengthening for Industrial Value Enhancement (STRIVE) scheme is a World Bank assisted-Government of India project with the objective of improving the relevance and efficiency of skills training provided through Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs) and apprenticeships.
• It is a Central Sector Scheme, covering the following 4 result areas:
  • Improved performance of ITI.
  • Increased Capacities of State Governments to support ITIs and Apprenticeship Training.
  • Improved Teaching and Learning.
  • Improved and Broadened Apprenticeship Training.

Central Sector Scheme and Centrally Sponsored Scheme

• India’s developmental plan is comprised of two types of schemes i.e., Central Sector and Centrally Sponsored Scheme.
  • Under Central sector schemes, it is 100% funded by the Union government and implemented by the Central Government machinery.
  • Under Centrally Sponsored Scheme (CSS) a certain percentage of the funding is borne by the States in the ratio of 50:50, 70:30, 75:25 or 90:10 and the implementation is by the State Governments.