Class 10 Exam > Class 10 Notes > Science Class 10 > Mnemonics: Light - Reflection and Refraction
Mnemonics: Light - Reflection and Refraction | Science Class 10 PDF Download
| Table of contents |
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| 1. Characteristics of an image formed by a Plane Mirror |
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| 2. Rules for Image Formation in Lenses |
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| 3. Reflection (Laws of Reflection) |
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| 4. Refraction (Laws of Refraction - Snell's Law) |
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1. Characteristics of an image formed by a Plane Mirror
Mnemonic: "V.E.R.I.S."
- Virtual
The image cannot be projected on a screen. - Erect
The image is upright, not inverted. - Real Size
The image is the same size as the object. - Image Distance
The image is formed as far behind the mirror as the object is in front of it. - Side Inversion
The image is laterally inverted (flipped left to right).
2. Rules for Image Formation in Lenses
Mnemonic: "F.R.E.E."
- Focus to Ray Parallel
Focus: A ray passing through the focus (F1) or directed towards it becomes parallel to the principal axis after refraction. - Ray Through Optical Center
A ray passing through the optical center of the lens continues in a straight line without bending. - Enters Parallel
A ray entering the lens parallel to the principal axis will pass through or appear to pass through the second focus (F2) after refraction. - Ended at Focus
A ray that is parallel to the principal axis after refraction through the lens passes through or appears to pass through the focus on the other side of the lens.
3. Reflection (Laws of Reflection)
Mnemonic: "I Am Ordinary Always"
- I: Incident ray
- A: Angle of incidence
- O: Angle of reflection
- A: Angle at the same plane
This mnemonic reminds you that the incident ray, reflected ray, and normal all lie in the same plane, and the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.
4. Refraction (Laws of Refraction - Snell's Law)
Mnemonic: "Sin, Speed, Bend"
- Sin: Refers to Snell's law (sin of angle of incidence to refraction)
- Speed: Light changes speed in different media
- Bend: Light bends toward or away from the normal depending on the medium
This mnemonic helps you remember that refraction involves a change in the speed of light and causes light to bend at the boundary between two media, following Snell's Law.
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FAQs on Mnemonics: Light - Reflection and Refraction - Science Class 10
| 1. What are the main characteristics of an image formed by a plane mirror? |  |
Ans. The main characteristics of an image formed by a plane mirror are:
1. The image is virtual, meaning it cannot be projected on a screen.
2. The image is upright, maintaining the same orientation as the object.
3. The image is laterally inverted, meaning the left and right sides are reversed.
4. The distance of the image from the mirror is equal to the distance of the object from the mirror.
5. The size of the image is the same as the size of the object.
| 2. What are the rules for image formation in lenses? | |
Ans. The rules for image formation in lenses are:
1. For a convex lens, when an object is placed beyond the focal point, the image formed is real, inverted, and can be projected on a screen.
2. When an object is placed at the focal point, the rays of light emerge parallel, and the image is at infinity.
3. For a concave lens, the image formed is always virtual, upright, and smaller than the object, regardless of the object's position.
4. The image distance and object distance are related through the lens formula: \( \frac{1}{f} = \frac{1}{v} - \frac{1}{u} \) where \( f \) is the focal length, \( v \) is the image distance, and \( u \) is the object distance.
| 3. What are the laws of reflection? | |
Ans. The laws of reflection state:
1. The incident ray, the reflected ray, and the normal (the line perpendicular to the surface at the point of incidence) all lie in the same plane.
2. The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection, expressed as \( \angle i = \angle r \), where \( i \) is the angle of incidence and \( r \) is the angle of reflection.
| 4. What is Snell's Law of Refraction? | |
Ans. Snell's Law of Refraction states that the ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction is constant for a given pair of media. This can be expressed mathematically as:
\[ n_1 \sin(\theta_1) = n_2 \sin(\theta_2) \]
where \( n_1 \) and \( n_2 \) are the refractive indices of the two media, and \( \theta_1 \) and \( \theta_2 \) are the angles of incidence and refraction respectively.
| 5. Can you give a mnemonic for remembering the laws of reflection and refraction? | |
Ans. A helpful mnemonic for remembering the laws of reflection and refraction is "Reflect and Refract with a Ray":
- For reflection: "Incident Angles Are Equal" (to remember that the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection).
- For refraction: "Sine Ratio is Constant" (to remember Snell's Law, where the sine of the angles is proportional to the refractive indices).
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