Q1: Multiple choice questions.
(i) Upward and downward movement of ocean water is known as the:
(a) tide
(b) current
(c) wave
(d) none of the above
Ans: (a) tide
(ii) Spring tides are caused :
(a) As result of the moon and the sun pulling the earth gravitationally in the same direction.
(b) As result of the moon and the sun pulling the earth gravitationally in the opposite direction.
(c) Indention in the coast line.
(d) None of the above.
Ans: (a)
(iii) The distance between the earth and the moon is minimum when the moon is in :
(a) Aphelion
(b) Perigee
(c) Perihelion
(d) Apogee
Ans: (b)
(iv) The earth reaches its perihelion in:
(a) October
(b) September
(c) July
(d) January
Ans: (d)
Q2: Answer the following questions in about 30 words.
(i) What are waves?
Ans: Waves are energy, not the water which moves across the ocean surface. It generated by wind driving against water.
(ii) Where do waves in the ocean get their energy from?
Ans: Wind provides energy to the waves. Wind causes waves to travel in the ocean and the energy is released on shorelines.
(iii) What are tides?
Ans: The periodical rise and fall of the sea level, once or twice a day, mainly due to the attraction of the sun and the moon, is called a tide.
(iv) How are tides caused?
Ans: The tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the sun and the moon and the centrifugal force
(v) How are tides related to navigation?
Ans: Tides helps the navigators and fishermen plan their activities. Tidal flows are of great importance in navigation. Tidal heights are very important, especially harbours near rivers and within estuaries having shallow ‘bars’ at the entrance, which prevent ships and boats from entering into the harbour.
Q3: Answer the following questions in about 150 words.
(i) How do currents affect the temperature? How does it affect the temperature of coastal areas in the N. W. Europe?
Ans: The currents directly affect the temperature. The temperature varies depending on whether currents are warm or cold:
(ii) What are the causes of currents?
Ans: Oceans currents are caused by two forces mainly:
The primary forces that influence the currents are:
The secondary forces that influence the currents are:
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