Class 7 Exam > Class 7 Notes > Science Olympiad Class 7 > NCERT Summary: Electric Current & Its effects
Electric Current & Its effects Summary Class 7 NCERT Summary
What is electric current
- It is a flow of electrons through a conductor.
- It flows through a wire, the wires gets heated. It is the heating effect of current.
Electronic component
- It can be an element of an electric circuit that helps in its functioning.
- Electric circuit: It allows electricity to flow through it and is used to provide electricity for various purposes such as running electric motors providing electricity to a bulb or a fan, generating heat.
- Battery: Battery is a combination of two or more cells. The positive terminal of one cell is connected to the negative terminal of another cell.
Electric circuit
- It helps the symbols that are used for representing the electronic components.
Types of circuit
There are two types of circuit:
- Open circuit: When the key is opened or switched off the circuit is said to be an open circuit.
- Close circuit: When the key is closed or switched on the circuit is said to be a closed circuit.
Heating effect of electric current
Wire gets heated up when an electric current passes through it.
- The heat produced in the wire depends upon the following factors:
(i) Length of wire
(ii) Material of wire
(iii) Thickness of wire - Examples of appliances works on the heating effect of electric current:
(i) Iron
(ii) Electric heater
(iii) Electric stove
(iv) Geysers - Fuse: It prevent damage to electric circuit. It is act as a safety device.
- MCB: MCB stands for miniature circuit breakers. MCB is a switch which automatically turn off when current in a circuit exceeds the safe limit.
Magnetic effect of electric current
- Passing of electric current through a wire it behaves like magnet. This is called magnetic effect of the electric current.
- It is discovered by a scientist Hans Christian Oersted.
Electromagnet
- It is a coil of wire wound on a soft iron core which is used to separate magnetic material from the junk.
- It is formed because the magnetic effect of the electric current.
Application of electromagnets
- Used in toys
- Used in electric bells
- Used in all kinds of telecommunication equipment
Electric bell
- In electric bell there is electromagnet is present in it.
- It has a coil of wire wound around a piece of iron.
- The iron strip with a hammer is kept close to the electromagnet and also there is a contact screw near the iron strip.
- When iron strip is in contact with the screw the current flows through the coil and acts as electromagnet.
- Then it pulled the strip and hammer at the end of the strip strikes the gong of the bell and produces sound.
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FAQs on Electric Current & Its effects Summary Class 7 NCERT Summary
| 1. What is electric current and how does it flow? |  |
Ans. Electric current is the flow of electric charge in a conductor. It is caused by the movement of electrons. When a potential difference is applied across a conductor, electrons move from the negative terminal to the positive terminal, creating a flow of electric current.
| 2. What are the effects of electric current? | |
Ans. Electric current can produce various effects, such as heating, magnetism, and chemical reactions. When electric current passes through a conductor, it produces heat due to the resistance of the material. It can also create a magnetic field around the conductor and cause chemical changes in certain substances.
| 3. What is resistance and how does it affect electric current? | |
Ans. Resistance is the property of a material to resist the flow of electric current. It is measured in ohms (Ω). Higher resistance means that the material offers more opposition to the flow of current. According to Ohm's law, the current flowing through a conductor is inversely proportional to the resistance. Therefore, higher resistance leads to a lower current flow.
| 4. How does the thickness of a wire affect electric current? | |
Ans. The thickness of a wire, also known as its cross-sectional area, affects the flow of electric current. A thicker wire has lower resistance compared to a thinner wire of the same material and length. This is because a thicker wire provides more space for the electrons to move, reducing the chance of collisions with the atoms of the material. As a result, a thicker wire allows for a higher current flow.
| 5. Can electric current flow through insulators? | |
Ans. No, electric current cannot flow through insulators. Insulators are materials that have very high resistance and do not allow the flow of electric charge. Examples of insulators include rubber, glass, and plastic. Unlike conductors, insulators inhibit the movement of electrons and prevent the flow of electric current.
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